Hydrolases;
Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases);
Serine endopeptidases
Reaction(IUBMB)
The enzyme cleaves angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) and cleaves influenzea A and B virus and coronavirus spike glycoproteins at arginine residues.
Comment
The enzyme, present in mammalia, cleaves and inactivates EC 3.4.17.23, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), at arginine residues in the region R697 to R716, which enhances influenza and coronavirus uptake [7]. The enzyme also cleaves and activates influenza and coronavirus spike glycoproteins and thus facilitates virus-cell membrane fusions. The cleavage of SARS-COV2 spike glycoprotein occurs between the S2 and S2' site at SKPSKR/SFIEDL, while the cleavage of MERS-COV glycoprotein occurs at GSRSAR/SAIEDL.
Bottcher-Friebertshauser E, Freuer C, Sielaff F, Schmidt S, Eickmann M, Uhlendorff J, Steinmetzer T, Klenk HD, Garten W.
Title
Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin by airway proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT differs in subcellular localization and susceptibility to protease inhibitors.
Bertram S, Glowacka I, Muller MA, Lavender H, Gnirss K, Nehlmeier I, Niemeyer D, He Y, Simmons G, Drosten C, Soilleux EJ, Jahn O, Steffen I, Pohlmann S.
Title
Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease.
Bertram S, Dijkman R, Habjan M, Heurich A, Gierer S, Glowacka I, Welsch K, Winkler M, Schneider H, Hofmann-Winkler H, Thiel V, Pohlmann S.
Title
TMPRSS2 activates the human coronavirus 229E for cathepsin-independent host cell entry and is expressed in viral target cells in the respiratory epithelium.
Abe M, Tahara M, Sakai K, Yamaguchi H, Kanou K, Shirato K, Kawase M, Noda M, Kimura H, Matsuyama S, Fukuhara H, Mizuta K, Maenaka K, Ami Y, Esumi M, Kato A, Takeda M.
Title
TMPRSS2 is an activating protease for respiratory parainfluenza viruses.
Heurich A, Hofmann-Winkler H, Gierer S, Liepold T, Jahn O, Pohlmann S.
Title
TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein.
Bestle D, Heindl MR, Limburg H, Van Lam van T, Pilgram O, Moulton H, Stein DA, Hardes K, Eickmann M, Dolnik O, Rohde C, Klenk HD, Garten W, Steinmetzer T, Bottcher-Friebertshauser E.
Title
TMPRSS2 and furin are both essential for proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway cells.
