KEGG   ENZYME: 5.1.2.1
Entry
EC 5.1.2.1                  Enzyme                                 
Name
lactate racemase;
lacticoracemase;
hydroxyacid racemase;
lactic acid racemase;
larA (gene name)
Class
Isomerases;
Racemases and epimerases;
Acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
Sysname
lactate racemase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(S)-lactate = (R)-lactate [RN:R01450]
Reaction(KEGG)
R01450
Substrate
(S)-lactate [CPD:C00186]
Product
(R)-lactate [CPD:C00256]
Comment
The enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum and appears to be restricted to lactic acid bacteria. It contains a unique nickel-containing cofactor, pyridinium-3-thioamide-5-thiocarboxylate mononucleotide Ni pincer complex.
History
EC 5.1.2.1 created 1961
Pathway
ec00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ec01100  Metabolic pathways
Orthology
K22373  lactate racemase
Genes
TCIA7K98_01695
SPSREGC80_15445(larA)
GAIIMCC3135_06230
KUSB9G99_09405
KMAB9H00_05445
KUYFY550_02760(larA)
SUTTSUTMEG_10650
SUTKFG381_12150(larA)
SWSI6J16_06235(larA)
BBAYA4V04_07910
KAIK32_38480
STARG3545_21865(larA)
SNOSnov_3500
ANCGBB76_11570(larA)
APOLK9D25_07175(larA)
LIZLGH83_08270(larA)
SDOSD1155_05785
LCKHN018_13435(larA)
RAPRHOA_PC0190(larA)
RMTIAI58_08815(larA)
SKTIGS68_04140(larA)
SMUCJL100_004310(larA)
SROEJL101_004060(larA)
WSUWS0140
CCVCCV52592_1720
CCOCCC13826_1001
CGRACGRAC_1985
CSPFCSF_0738
CRXCRECT_2010
CMUCCMCT_0037
CSHOCSHOW_0341
CCAQCCAL_0303
SDLSdel_1277
SBASulba_1329
SMULSMUL_1678
SHALSHALO_1633
SULSSdiek1_1724
SULJSJPD1_1640
SULTFA592_00735(larA)
GSUGSU3295
GSKKN400_3236(larA)
GMEGmet_3244(larA)
GPIGPICK_14895
GBZJZM60_04230(larA)
GEMGM21_0578
GEBGM18_3791
GEFFO488_03245(larA)
GEVGSVR_41590
GECGEO60473_27190(larA)
GURGura_0647
GEOGeob_0833(larA)
GBMGbem_0565(larA)
GBNGEOBRER4_05710
GERKP004_02095(larA)
GSUBKP001_13395(larA)
GNTKP003_01730(larA)
GPLM1B72_18880(larA)
GSBGSUB_14505
GHCL9S41_11360(larA)
DEUDBW_3378
DVEDESUT3_26500 DESUT3_37470
DEPAOP6_2516
DESDSOUD_0135 DSOUD_3351
DDSDdes_2379
DPGDESPIGER_1041
DEFCNY67_15465
DTRRSDT_0048
DMSE8L03_07390(larA) E8L03_07525(larA) E8L03_13185(larA)
PMENV8V93_05800(larA)
PBIZLWC08_01590(larA)
DVMDvMF_1997
CLIHKPS_002238(larA)
DBADbac_2152
DRTDret_2326
DLMDPPLL_00670 DPPLL_04180
DEOCAY53_05360
DOLDole_2523
DATHRM2_08470 HRM2_30760 HRM2_32350
DTOTOL2_C11320
DHGEYB58_10960(larA)
DEKDSLASN_48220
DTIDesti_3261 Desti_3663
DMPFAK_11980
ADEAdeh_0469
ACPA2cp1_0497
AFWAnae109_0509 Anae109_3618
ANKAnaeK_0502
AORYAMOR_31000 AMOR_45190
APAUAMPC_22870 AMPC_26560
HOHHoch_6889
MTARDF168_00445(larA)
FPESNXS98_15595(larA)
AHELQ31a_07780
LCREPla8534_27880
AAGGETAA8_10930
SMAMMal15_45880
SNEPEnr13x_10320
SMAETBK1r_40470
TTFTHTE_0387
SDYNMal52_00070
PLONPla110_37150
ACAFCA12_08840
SVPPan189_16930
CHYAV22_12450
CCOPMal65_40590
TIMGMBLW1_02940
LRSPX52LOC_01348
TSPHKIH39_12010(larA)
IPAIsop_3476
AGVOJF2_22940
TPLAElP_12750
PHMPSMK_06850
MCADPan265_04660
VBCC5Q97_07830
LBVJYG24_04520(larA)
TPITREPR_0391
TSKHRI97_00845(larA)
SSMSpirs_0988
OCKEXM22_16670
SBUSpiBuddy_1629
SGPSpiGrapes_3097 SpiGrapes_3132
SASSMUG09_02780(larA) MUG09_09155(larA)
SCCSpico_0088
BHCJFL75_07435(larA) JFL75_19815(larA)
ACMAciX9_2432
GRWFTO74_07765(larA)
PFERIRI77_17200(larA)
TPELP0M28_19540(larA)
DDFDEFDS_2142
DAPDacet_2441
GTLEP073_01200(larA)
CNICalni_1796
FSIFlexsi_0638
DTUDtur_0486
BWHA9C19_14225
PKSIE339_23290(larA)
CFIRNAF01_12575(larA)
OCNCUC15_15445
OONNP440_05835(larA)
HMNHM131_18335
HLIHLI_15685
HNZP9989_17280(larA)
VNTOLD84_14460(larA)
VIKKFZ58_14420(larA)
SCIBHUG20_02615(larA)
MSEMGMB29_14305(larA)
BLENNCTC4824_00688
FECQNH15_22360(larA)
STEAC0679_13190
SERSERP0256
SEPSE_0374
SEPPSEB_00296
SEPSDP17_1681
SSPSSP0177
SPASSTP1_1688
SXYBE24_11075
SXLSXYLSMQ121_0203
SXOSXYL_00202
SCAPAYP1020_2355
SEQOSE1039_23800
SURYMUA21_11740(larA)
SNLBJD96_01305
SKLC7J89_02930
SCARDWB96_11230(larA)
SARLSAP2_03250
SLLOISP08_01750(larA)
SPSDJMB28_01555(larA)
STASHYI43_10710(larA)
SEDAMNY58_01100(larA)
SCAQQMO72_01220(larA)
SDEVQ2T90_08315(larA)
STAPAOB58_2013
SGAIK3U27_07340(larA)
BCOPJD108_19120(larA)
BHUILOK74_12340(larA)
BBORRFB14_03770(larA)
BRUMNDK47_22980(larA)
PMSKNP414_00185
PMQPM3016_169
PMWB2K_00860
PNPIJ22_20540 IJ22_40950
PPSCEHS13_08180(larA)
PKPSK3146_00206
PHEXL0M14_26540(larA)
PELGACJ7K1_30330(larA)
ACURJZ785_02045(larA)
FFELSG31_10900(larA)
PSHEQWY16_17735(larA)
SPOHGGGNBK_02645(larA)
SLATJ4854_09215(larA)
SLINSM123_01950(larA)
LPLlp_0104(larA)
LPJJDM1_0105
LPTzj316_0313(larA)
LPSLPST_C0085
LPRLBP_cg0087
LPZLp16_0097
LPBSH83_00445
LPXASU28_03250
LPGBB562_00435
LARGLPA65_00475(larA)
LBSMH1LPH_07110(larA)
LFELAF_1733
LFRLC40_1101
LFFLBFF_1915
LNGBSQ50_05835 BSQ50_10060
LHWBSQ49_00445 BSQ49_08390
LMALLM596_00640(larA)
LBRLVIS_1849
LBKLVISKB_1832
LZYLZ3411_1663
LSUAH3M12_11165(larA)
LBTAYR52_09980
LCYLC20004_11480
LNNF0161_06435(larA)
LPDAYR62_03140
PPEPEPE_1694
PPENT256_08335
PCEPECL_1783
LSALCA_0784
LCVFBA2_04095
LGMLG542_05685(larA) LG542_08135(larA)
WCOG7084_07440(larA)
EFIOG1RF_11545
EGVEGCR1_11160(larA) EGCR1_12070(larA)
ESGEsVE80_25550(larA)
GADK8O88_05645(larA)
GEGLK443_03365(larA)
CACCA_C0769
CAESMB_G0785
CAYCEA_G0780
CBOCBO1006 CBO1814 CBO2019
CBACLB_1046 CLB_1749 CLB_1959
CBHCLC_1059 CLC_1756 CLC_1964
CBYCLM_1161 CLM_1971 CLM_2236
CBLCLK_0446 CLK_1196 CLK_1472
CBBCLD_2606 CLD_2826 CLD_3560
CBICLJ_B1051 CLJ_B1992 CLJ_B2223
CBFCLI_1088 CLI_1809 CLI_2085
CBMCBF_1058 CBF_1788 CBF_2071
CBJH04402_01079 H04402_01809 H04402_02048
CBECbei_1241 Cbei_2495
CBZCbs_1241 Cbs_2495
CBEILF65_01370 LF65_03034
CLJCLJU_c04620 CLJU_c15560 CLJU_c21600
CLSCXIVA_03220
CSRCspa_c08140 Cspa_c41030
CPASClopa_3455 Clopa_4785
CPATCLPA_c14440 CLPA_c39300
CPAECPAST_c14440 CPAST_c39300
CSBCLSA_c21500 CLSA_c25170
CAHCAETHG_0247(larA) CAETHG_2534(larA)
CBVU729_1766
CSQCSCA_0186 CSCA_1172 CSCA_2486
CLDCLSPO_c18050 CLSPO_c20260
CACECACET_c19130 CACET_c28160
CCKCcar_02270 Ccar_08460 Ccar_13575
CBUTATN24_08795
CTYKCTK_C04960 CTK_C15740
CEUA7L45_05825 A7L45_10330
CFMBJL90_04475 BJL90_04880 BJL90_20900
CDRKB9W14_07265 B9W14_12925 B9W14_17625
CDYF3K33_06655(larA) F3K33_12750(larA)
CFERD4Z93_07485(larA)
CLOSDMR38_01940(larA) DMR38_07880(larA) DMR38_11140(larA)
CRWCROST_013110(larA_1) CROST_046200(larA_2)
CFBCLFE_035370(larA_1) CLFE_047140(larA_2)
CAUNCLAUR_015940(larA_1) CLAUR_047250(larA_2)
CNNCNEO_0878
CGELpsyc5s11_17900
CTAGLL095_05940(larA)
CINTHZF06_13695(larA)
CTHDCDO33_08875
CLOLONV75_07585(larA)
CLOMAXY43_00595 AXY43_21110
CLOORCG18_22265(larA)
CALEFDN13_09935(larA)
CPRFK7H06_04190(larA) K7H06_04215(larA) K7H06_04260(larA) K7H06_11790(larA)
SARJHH195_01230(larA)
CLOHMPREF0868_0017 HMPREF0868_1179
RGVNQ502_09740(larA) NQ502_14435(larA)
OHIH8790_00165(larA)
CLFGJQ69_08650(larA)
PFAAMM59RIKEN_14150
VFAMM35RIKEN_23120
SVJNQ490_09015(larA)
PETRQKW49_13160(larA) QKW49_14325(larA)
BIERFF05_05725(larA)
RBPB6259_01775
CAPREQM14_03615(larA) EQM14_05775(larA)
CFEMHCR03_11700(larA)
INTRX717_01470(larA)
STHSTH1673
SLPSlip_1088
SALQSYNTR_0821
DSYDSY3250 DSY3881
DHDDhaf_1524 Dhaf_4417
DDHDesde_1424 Desde_3796
DDLDesdi_0660 Desdi_1493 Desdi_3122
DMTDESME_07920 DESME_14015
DORDesor_0768 Desor_0905
DAIDesaci_0971 Desaci_3505
DMIDesmer_0789
DCADesca_2368
DRUDesru_3370
DFGB0537_03680
DAEDtox_0989
TFRBR63_00520(larA) BR63_04385(larA) BR63_06065(larA) BR63_07955(larA)
FWADCMF_00425 DCMF_09370 DCMF_23090 DCMF_25220
AACXDEACI_1990 DEACI_2831 DEACI_3879 DEACI_3906
TJRTherJR_1764
DGIDesgi_3678
HMOHM1_1638
ELMELI_3629
EMTCPZ25_007450(larA) CPZ25_018600(larA)
ELIMB2M23_08290
AWOAwo_c08750
AWICHL1_002905(larA) CHL1_003356(larA)
ACAEHYG86_03175(larA) HYG86_12500(larA)
CTHMCFE_0513
IBUIB211_02523
BPENNQ488_11035(larA)
BPRSCK3_17920
CCTCC1_10800 CC1_25140
BLIQINP51_04045(larA)
BHVBLHYD_03630(larA)
LXAOW255_07585(larA)
LSIAVIG27_11545(larA)
ARFAR1Y2_1980
ACACEYQ97_07915(larA)
EHLEHLA_0978 EHLA_2288
CBOLCGC65_04965 CGC65_19855
CASPNQ535_18305(larA) NQ535_22360(larA) NQ535_28170(larA)
ECLFQMP25_37325(larA)
WHJH9Q79_12920(larA)
AMTAmet_0538 Amet_0564 Amet_3746 Amet_3891
GFEGferi_15480 Gferi_16545 Gferi_25290
PBIFKXZ80_10400(larA)
PSORRSJ16_12235
CDFCD630_11700
PDCCDIF630_01318(larA)
CDCCD196_1029
CDLCDR20291_1007
PDFCD630DERM_11700
ROCHF520_02155(larA) HF520_09665(larA)
RHOMFRIFI_2195
TEMJW646_00650(larA) JW646_03035(larA) JW646_19840(larA)
TGCL0P85_05275(larA) L0P85_07685(larA) L0P85_08495(larA)
TMYTEMA_00690(larA_1) TEMA_15070(larA_2)
TPETTPHSE_12480(larA_1) TPHSE_16640(larA_2)
TEBT8CH_1820(larA) T8CH_P0002(larA)
THYRP4S50_08250(larA)
IBRNQ514_04390(larA) NQ514_06190(larA) NQ514_09900(larA)
CHYCHY_0066
TPZTph_c27620
GEKkuro4_12890 kuro4_26820 kuro4_27890 kuro4_28310
TTMTthe_1662 Tthe_2432
TTOThethe_01669 Thethe_02491
TXYThexy_2106
TSHTsac_0232
THEDSAMN05660242_0972 SAMN05660242_1074
MASMahau_0818 Mahau_2706
MTAMoth_1926
MTHOMOTHE_c19640
MTHZMOTHA_c20430
NCJMCACP_05630(larA_2) MCACP_05670(larA_3)
DBCMFMK1_000872(larA) MFMK1_001987(larA)
TEPTepRe1_2020
TAETepiRe1_2177
BACGD2962_02795(larA)
TOCToce_2224
NCDACONDI_01409 ACONDI_01685
HASHalsa_0022 Halsa_0182
HALSD7D81_01335(larA)
IFNGM661_15515(larA) GM661_16585(larA) GM661_17395(larA)
AARAcear_1200 Acear_1480 Acear_1799
HHLHalha_1682
KMEH0A61_01053(larA)
APRApre_1605
AMEILV469_08835(larA)
GBXSANA_19610(larA)
TISP3962_06075(larA)
VPRVpar_0984
VATB7L28_04765 B7L28_09095
VRM44547418_01867 44547418_01869
MEDMELS_0101 MELS_0248 MELS_2220
MHWACT01_04720 ACT01_04765 ACT01_13720
MEGDKB62_09640(larA) DKB62_09710(larA)
MMAXLCQ47_05050(larA) LCQ47_09450(larA) LCQ47_10510(larA)
DHODia5BBH33_12760 Dia5BBH33_19080 Dia5BBH33_19140
SSGSelsp_1967
SRISELR_22070
PUFUFO1_0449 UFO1_0992 UFO1_3616
PFTJBW_03458 JBW_04109
MANAMAMMFC1_01152
STEDSPTER_02940(larA_2) SPTER_29180(larA_3) SPTER_36590(larA_4) SPTER_38540(larA_5) SPTER_42080(larA_6) SPTER_47210(larA_7)
SSPHSPSPH_001450(larA_1) SPSPH_005540(larA_3) SPSPH_031720(larA_4) SPSPH_033550(larA_5) SPSPH_036030(larA_6) SPSPH_040080(larA_7)
SOVASOV_06270 SOV_38820 SOV_42710
SSIDSPSIL_001380 SPSIL_007120(larA_1) SPSIL_044950(larA_2)
SACVSPACI_007030(larA_2) SPACI_007570(larA_3) SPACI_008410(larA_4) SPACI_027180(larA_5) SPACI_045210(larA_6)
SCAOSCACP_01250(larA_1) SCACP_01260(larA_2) SCACP_28710(larA_4) SCACP_35050(larA_5) SCACP_38050(larA_6)
AINAcin_0508
PFACPFJ30894_00646 PFJ30894_01797 PFJ30894_01798 PFJ30894_01799
LCGL3BBH23_08110
CALKHUE98_15195(larA)
FCZIMF26_08770(larA)
OLOADJ70_04050
PCATPcatena_04900(larA)
ATBJ4859_03060(larA)
CAERCSV91_09285
SHIShel_26900
EYYEGYY_10820
DDTAAY81_03870
ROAPd630_LPD01932
STRCAA958_29850
SNZDC008_00260(larA)
SGEDWG14_08157
SROIIAG44_41880(larA)
ABRYNYE86_22800(larA)
MICGGJV80_17720(larA)
PROPQQ658_01185(larA)
BROObrsh051_19250
NMESH9L09_09285(larA)
NPSKRR39_16430(larA)
KSLOG809_22250(larA)
ACTQOG417_13235(larA)
NOWGBF35_28965(larA)
MHAIOHB01_32395(larA)
GOBGobs_1559
MMARMODMU_4034
AMDAMED_3084
AMNRAM_15685
AMMAMES_3050
AMZB737_3051
PDXPsed_1167
PSDSK1T35_26090(larA)
SACXIOD16_22395(larA)
LEDBBK82_39260
PFLAPflav_042920
DFUDfulv_21185(larA)
CAICaci_4917
AUOR3I39_01085(larA)
RUBGBA63_00755(larA)
RMARGBA65_01115(larA)
LEPTJVX88_11160
LMAJGKN94_12350(larA)
ATMANT_08010 ANT_14630
ABATCFX1CAM_1597 CFX1CAM_1615
PSUBPelsub_P0895 Pelsub_P1751
LEKhrd7_27160
ABAOBEQ56_08965
ACOAmico_0225 Amico_1225 Amico_1304
AMIZRBH88_04120(larA) RBH88_09755
TLITlie_1863
AMOAnamo_1373 Anamo_1831
PPIOCE91St28_03530
PYYRAH42_02260
ARAMKAR29_01210(larA) KAR29_11715
APRPKIH16_01215(larA) KIH16_11775
TNACTN_1547
TTATheth_1382
PHYAJ81_05040 AJ81_07575
PMOPmob_0129
KOLKole_0994
KPFIX53_05900
ASACATHSA_0239
HABYHLVA_13790
SCHVBRCON_1196
FSHQ2T83_09475(larA)
MBAMbar_A3718 Mbar_A3719 Mbar_A3720
MBYMSBRM_1049 MSBRM_1050 MSBRM_1051
MBWMSBRW_1016 MSBRW_1017 MSBRW_1018
MBARMSBR2_1360 MSBR2_1361 MSBR2_1362
MBAKMSBR3_1383 MSBR3_1385 MSBR3_1386
MACMA_1312 MA_1313
MMAMM_2302 MM_2303
MMAZMmTuc01_2350
MMJMSMAS_2397 MSMAS_2398
MMACMSMAC_2049 MSMAC_2050
MVCMSVAZ_2492 MSVAZ_2493 MSVAZ_2494
MEKMSKOL_2504 MSKOL_2505 MSKOL_2506
MLSMSLAZ_0998
METMMSMTP_0806 MSMTP_0807
MEFMSWH1_2255 MSWH1_2256
MEQMSWHS_2817 MSWHS_2818
MSJMSSAC_0981 MSSAC_0982
MSZMSSIH_0883 MSSIH_0884
MSWMSSIT_0917 MSSIT_0918
MTHRMSTHT_0973 MSTHT_0974 MSTHT_0975
MTHEMSTHC_2331 MSTHC_2332 MSTHC_2333
MHORMSHOH_3039 MSHOH_3040
MFZAOB57_011605(larA) AOB57_011610(larA) AOB57_011615(larA)
MHABRSJ42_02405(larA) RSJ42_02410(larA)
METWAAY43_08915 AAY43_08920 AAY43_08925
MBUMbur_0954
MMETMCMEM_1456
MELOJ7W08_06025(larA)
MMHMmah_0722
MHAZBHR79_10080
MPOTBKM01_09780
MEVMetev_1526
MZHMzhil_0712
MPYMpsy_1273
MZIHWN40_02275(larA)
MMAVRE476_07935(larA)
MSEBRE474_04520(larA)
MHZMetho_1305
MEHFMmiHf6_05870(larA)
MEESMmiEs2_04150(larA)
MTPMthe_0752
MCJMCON_0092
MHIMhar_1142
MPDMCP_0283
MEZMtc_1545
RCIRCIX1757
MELUMTLP_11320
MEAMMU439_05735
MEAEQEN48_04425(larA)
TARTALC_01392
MAXMMALV_14900
MERMMINT_02460
MEARMpt1_c00310(hdrD1)
MARCAR505_0167
KCRKcr_0555
BARCAOA65_1656
BARBAOA66_1617
LOKILokiarch_28170 Lokiarch_29640
LOBNEF87_001718 NEF87_001765
PSYTDSAG12_01759 DSAG12_03786(larA)
OYWOdinLCB4_000080(larA)
 » show all
Reference
1  [PMID:14800428]
  Authors
HUENNEKENS FM, MAHLER HR, NORDMANN J.
  Title
Studies on the cyclophorase system. XVII. The occurrence and properties of an alpha-hydroxy acid racemose.
  Journal
Arch Biochem 30:77-89 (1951)
Reference
2
  Authors
Kitahara K, Obayashi A, Fukui S.
  Title
Racemase I cell-free racemase.
  Journal
Enzymologia 15:259-266 (1953)
Reference
3  [PMID:16166538]
  Authors
Goffin P, Deghorain M, Mainardi JL, Tytgat I, Champomier-Verges MC, Kleerebezem M, Hols P
  Title
Lactate racemization as a rescue pathway for supplying D-lactate to the cell wall biosynthesis machinery in Lactobacillus plantarum.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 187:6750-61 (2005)
DOI:10.1128/JB.187.19.6750-6761.2005
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
4  [PMID:24710389]
  Authors
Desguin B, Goffin P, Viaene E, Kleerebezem M, Martin-Diaconescu V, Maroney MJ, Declercq JP, Soumillion P, Hols P
  Title
Lactate racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme activated by a widespread maturation system.
  Journal
Nat Commun 5:3615 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms4615
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
5  [PMID:26138974]
  Authors
Desguin B, Zhang T, Soumillion P, Hols P, Hu J, Hausinger RP
  Title
METALLOPROTEINS. A tethered niacin-derived pincer complex with a nickel-carbon bond in lactate racemase.
  Journal
Science 349:66-9 (2015)
DOI:10.1126/science.aab2272
  Sequence
[lpl:lp_0104]
Reference
6  [PMID:28374531]
  Authors
Yu MJ, Chen SL
  Title
From NAD+ to Nickel Pincer Complex: A Significant Cofactor Evolution Presented by Lactate Racemase.
  Journal
Chemistry 23:7545-7557 (2017)
DOI:10.1002/chem.201700405
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: 5.1.2.1
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 5.1.2.1
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1
CAS: 9024-05-9

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