Entry
Name
lactate racemase;
lacticoracemase;
hydroxyacid racemase;
lactic acid racemase;
larA (gene name)
Class
Isomerases;
Racemases and epimerases;
Acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
BRITE hierarchy
Sysname
lactate racemase
Reaction(IUBMB)
(S)-lactate = (R)-lactate [RN:
R01450 ]
Reaction(KEGG)
Substrate
Product
Comment
The enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum and appears to be restricted to lactic acid bacteria. It contains a unique nickel-containing cofactor, pyridinium-3-thioamide-5-thiocarboxylate mononucleotide Ni pincer complex.
History
EC 5.1.2.1 created 1961
Pathway
Orthology
Genes
GEC : GEO60473_27190(larA)
DVE : DESUT3_26500 DESUT3_37470
DES : DSOUD_0135 DSOUD_3351
DMS : E8L03_07390(larA) E8L03_07525(larA) E8L03_13185(larA)
DLM : DPPLL_00670 DPPLL_04180
DAT : HRM2_08470 HRM2_30760 HRM2_32350
DTI : Desti_3261 Desti_3663
AFW : Anae109_0509 Anae109_3618
AORY : AMOR_31000 AMOR_45190
APAU : AMPC_22870 AMPC_26560
SGP : SpiGrapes_3097 SpiGrapes_3132
SASS : MUG09_02780(larA) MUG09_09155(larA)
BHC : JFL75_07435(larA) JFL75_19815(larA)
PNP : IJ22_20540 IJ22_40950
LNG : BSQ50_05835 BSQ50_10060
LHW : BSQ49_00445 BSQ49_08390
LGM : LG542_05685(larA) LG542_08135(larA)
EGV : EGCR1_11160(larA) EGCR1_12070(larA)
CBO : CBO1006 CBO1814 CBO2019
CBA : CLB_1046 CLB_1749 CLB_1959
CBH : CLC_1059 CLC_1756 CLC_1964
CBY : CLM_1161 CLM_1971 CLM_2236
CBL : CLK_0446 CLK_1196 CLK_1472
CBB : CLD_2606 CLD_2826 CLD_3560
CBI : CLJ_B1051 CLJ_B1992 CLJ_B2223
CBF : CLI_1088 CLI_1809 CLI_2085
CBM : CBF_1058 CBF_1788 CBF_2071
CBJ : H04402_01079 H04402_01809 H04402_02048
CBEI : LF65_01370 LF65_03034
CLJ : CLJU_c04620 CLJU_c15560 CLJU_c21600
CSR : Cspa_c08140 Cspa_c41030
CPAS : Clopa_3455 Clopa_4785
CPAT : CLPA_c14440 CLPA_c39300
CPAE : CPAST_c14440 CPAST_c39300
CSB : CLSA_c21500 CLSA_c25170
CAH : CAETHG_0247(larA) CAETHG_2534(larA)
CSQ : CSCA_0186 CSCA_1172 CSCA_2486
CLD : CLSPO_c18050 CLSPO_c20260
CACE : CACET_c19130 CACET_c28160
CCK : Ccar_02270 Ccar_08460 Ccar_13575
CTYK : CTK_C04960 CTK_C15740
CEU : A7L45_05825 A7L45_10330
CFM : BJL90_04475 BJL90_04880 BJL90_20900
CDRK : B9W14_07265 B9W14_12925 B9W14_17625
CDY : F3K33_06655(larA) F3K33_12750(larA)
CLOS : DMR38_01940(larA) DMR38_07880(larA) DMR38_11140(larA)
CRW : CROST_013110(larA_1) CROST_046200(larA_2)
CFB : CLFE_035370(larA_1) CLFE_047140(larA_2)
CAUN : CLAUR_015940(larA_1) CLAUR_047250(larA_2)
CLOM : AXY43_00595 AXY43_21110
CPRF : K7H06_04190(larA) K7H06_04215(larA) K7H06_04260(larA) K7H06_11790(larA)
CLO : HMPREF0868_0017 HMPREF0868_1179
RGV : NQ502_09740(larA) NQ502_14435(larA)
PETR : QKW49_13160(larA) QKW49_14325(larA)
CAPR : EQM14_03615(larA) EQM14_05775(larA)
DDH : Desde_1424 Desde_3796
DDL : Desdi_0660 Desdi_1493 Desdi_3122
DMT : DESME_07920 DESME_14015
DOR : Desor_0768 Desor_0905
DAI : Desaci_0971 Desaci_3505
TFR : BR63_00520(larA) BR63_04385(larA) BR63_06065(larA) BR63_07955(larA)
FWA : DCMF_00425 DCMF_09370 DCMF_23090 DCMF_25220
AACX : DEACI_1990 DEACI_2831 DEACI_3879 DEACI_3906
EMT : CPZ25_007450(larA) CPZ25_018600(larA)
AWI : CHL1_002905(larA) CHL1_003356(larA)
ACAE : HYG86_03175(larA) HYG86_12500(larA)
CBOL : CGC65_04965 CGC65_19855
CASP : NQ535_18305(larA) NQ535_22360(larA) NQ535_28170(larA)
AMT : Amet_0538 Amet_0564 Amet_3746 Amet_3891
GFE : Gferi_15480 Gferi_16545 Gferi_25290
ROC : HF520_02155(larA) HF520_09665(larA)
TEM : JW646_00650(larA) JW646_03035(larA) JW646_19840(larA)
TGC : L0P85_05275(larA) L0P85_07685(larA) L0P85_08495(larA)
TMY : TEMA_00690(larA_1) TEMA_15070(larA_2)
TPET : TPHSE_12480(larA_1) TPHSE_16640(larA_2)
TEB : T8CH_1820(larA) T8CH_P0002(larA)
IBR : NQ514_04390(larA) NQ514_06190(larA) NQ514_09900(larA)
GEK : kuro4_12890 kuro4_26820 kuro4_27890 kuro4_28310
TTO : Thethe_01669 Thethe_02491
THED : SAMN05660242_0972 SAMN05660242_1074
MAS : Mahau_0818 Mahau_2706
NCJ : MCACP_05630(larA_2) MCACP_05670(larA_3)
DBC : MFMK1_000872(larA) MFMK1_001987(larA)
NCD : ACONDI_01409 ACONDI_01685
HAS : Halsa_0022 Halsa_0182
IFN : GM661_15515(larA) GM661_16585(larA) GM661_17395(larA)
AAR : Acear_1200 Acear_1480 Acear_1799
VAT : B7L28_04765 B7L28_09095
VRM : 44547418_01867 44547418_01869
MED : MELS_0101 MELS_0248 MELS_2220
MHW : ACT01_04720 ACT01_04765 ACT01_13720
MEG : DKB62_09640(larA) DKB62_09710(larA)
MMAX : LCQ47_05050(larA) LCQ47_09450(larA) LCQ47_10510(larA)
DHO : Dia5BBH33_12760 Dia5BBH33_19080 Dia5BBH33_19140
PUF : UFO1_0449 UFO1_0992 UFO1_3616
STED : SPTER_02940(larA_2) SPTER_29180(larA_3) SPTER_36590(larA_4) SPTER_38540(larA_5) SPTER_42080(larA_6) SPTER_47210(larA_7)
SSPH : SPSPH_001450(larA_1) SPSPH_005540(larA_3) SPSPH_031720(larA_4) SPSPH_033550(larA_5) SPSPH_036030(larA_6) SPSPH_040080(larA_7)
SOVA : SOV_06270 SOV_38820 SOV_42710
SSID : SPSIL_001380 SPSIL_007120(larA_1) SPSIL_044950(larA_2)
SACV : SPACI_007030(larA_2) SPACI_007570(larA_3) SPACI_008410(larA_4) SPACI_027180(larA_5) SPACI_045210(larA_6)
SCAO : SCACP_01250(larA_1) SCACP_01260(larA_2) SCACP_28710(larA_4) SCACP_35050(larA_5) SCACP_38050(larA_6)
PFAC : PFJ30894_00646 PFJ30894_01797 PFJ30894_01798 PFJ30894_01799
PCAT : Pcatena_04900(larA)
ABAT : CFX1CAM_1597 CFX1CAM_1615
PSUB : Pelsub_P0895 Pelsub_P1751
ACO : Amico_0225 Amico_1225 Amico_1304
AMIZ : RBH88_04120(larA) RBH88_09755
AMO : Anamo_1373 Anamo_1831
ARAM : KAR29_01210(larA) KAR29_11715
APRP : KIH16_01215(larA) KIH16_11775
PHY : AJ81_05040 AJ81_07575
MBA : Mbar_A3718 Mbar_A3719 Mbar_A3720
MBY : MSBRM_1049 MSBRM_1050 MSBRM_1051
MBW : MSBRW_1016 MSBRW_1017 MSBRW_1018
MBAR : MSBR2_1360 MSBR2_1361 MSBR2_1362
MBAK : MSBR3_1383 MSBR3_1385 MSBR3_1386
MMJ : MSMAS_2397 MSMAS_2398
MMAC : MSMAC_2049 MSMAC_2050
MVC : MSVAZ_2492 MSVAZ_2493 MSVAZ_2494
MEK : MSKOL_2504 MSKOL_2505 MSKOL_2506
METM : MSMTP_0806 MSMTP_0807
MEF : MSWH1_2255 MSWH1_2256
MEQ : MSWHS_2817 MSWHS_2818
MSJ : MSSAC_0981 MSSAC_0982
MSZ : MSSIH_0883 MSSIH_0884
MSW : MSSIT_0917 MSSIT_0918
MTHR : MSTHT_0973 MSTHT_0974 MSTHT_0975
MTHE : MSTHC_2331 MSTHC_2332 MSTHC_2333
MHOR : MSHOH_3039 MSHOH_3040
MFZ : AOB57_011605(larA) AOB57_011610(larA) AOB57_011615(larA)
MHAB : RSJ42_02405(larA) RSJ42_02410(larA)
METW : AAY43_08915 AAY43_08920 AAY43_08925
LOKI : Lokiarch_28170 Lokiarch_29640
LOB : NEF87_001718 NEF87_001765
PSYT : DSAG12_01759 DSAG12_03786(larA)
OYW : OdinLCB4_000080(larA)
» show all
Taxonomy
Reference
Authors
HUENNEKENS FM, MAHLER HR, NORDMANN J.
Title
Studies on the cyclophorase system. XVII. The occurrence and properties of an alpha-hydroxy acid racemose.
Journal
Arch Biochem 30:77-89 (1951)
Reference
2
Authors
Kitahara K, Obayashi A, Fukui S.
Title
Racemase I cell-free racemase.
Journal
Enzymologia 15:259-266 (1953)
Reference
Authors
Goffin P, Deghorain M, Mainardi JL, Tytgat I, Champomier-Verges MC, Kleerebezem M, Hols P
Title
Lactate racemization as a rescue pathway for supplying D-lactate to the cell wall biosynthesis machinery in Lactobacillus plantarum.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Desguin B, Goffin P, Viaene E, Kleerebezem M, Martin-Diaconescu V, Maroney MJ, Declercq JP, Soumillion P, Hols P
Title
Lactate racemase is a nickel-dependent enzyme activated by a widespread maturation system.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Desguin B, Zhang T, Soumillion P, Hols P, Hu J, Hausinger RP
Title
METALLOPROTEINS. A tethered niacin-derived pincer complex with a nickel-carbon bond in lactate racemase.
Journal
Sequence
Reference
Authors
Yu MJ, Chen SL
Title
From NAD+ to Nickel Pincer Complex: A Significant Cofactor Evolution Presented by Lactate Racemase.
Journal
Other DBs
ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1
ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database: 5.1.2.1
BRENDA, the Enzyme Database: 5.1.2.1