KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04270
Entry
hsa04270                    Pathway                                
Name
Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure.
The principal mechanisms that regulate the contractile state of VSMCs are changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). In response to vasoconstrictor stimuli, Ca2+ is mobilized from intracellular stores and/or the extracellular space to increase [Ca2+]c in VSMCs. The increase in [Ca2+]c, in turn, activates the Ca2+-CaM-MLCK pathway and stimulates MLC20 phosphorylation, leading to myosin-actin interactions and, hence, the development of contractile force. The sensitivity of contractile myofilaments or MLC20 phosphorylation to Ca2+ can be secondarily modulated by other signaling pathways. During receptor stimulation, the contractile force is greatly enhanced by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. Rho/Rho kinase, PKC, and arachidonic acid have been proposed to play a pivotal role in this enhancement.
The signaling events that mediate relaxation include the removal of a contractile agonist (passive relaxation) and activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in the continued presence of a contractile agonist (active relaxation). Active relaxation occurs through the inhibition of both Ca2+ mobilization and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in VSMCs.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
hsa04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
hsa04270

Drug
D00045  Adenosine (JAN/USP)
D00076  Noradrenaline (JP19)
D00095  Epinephrine (USP/INN)
D00101  Vasopressin (JP19/USP)
D00106  Epoprostenol (USAN/INN)
D00124  Ephedrine (USP)
D00150  Angiotensin II (INN)
D00227  Aminophylline (USP/INN)
D00255  Carvedilol (JP19/USP/INN)
D00319  Felodipine (JP19/USP/INN)
D00349  Isradipine (USP/INN)
D00357  Losartan potassium (JP19/USP)
D00366  Lypressin (USAN/INN)
D00371  Theophylline (JP19)
D00400  Valsartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00437  Nifedipine (JP19/USP/INN)
D00438  Nimodipine (USP/INN)
D00485  Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (USP)
D00507  Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (USP)
D00509  Phentolamine mesylate (USP)
D00511  Phenylephrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00517  Amyl nitrite (JP19/USP)
D00522  Candesartan (USAN/INN)
D00523  Irbesartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00528  Caffeine (USP)
D00600  Labetalol hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00607  Guanadrel sulfate (USAN)
D00608  Doxazosin mesylate (USP)
D00609  Prazosin hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00610  Terazosin hydrochloride (USP)
D00615  Amlodipine besylate (USP)
D00616  Diltiazem hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00617  Nicardipine hydrochloride (JP19/USAN)
D00618  Nisoldipine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00619  Verapamil hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00626  Candesartan cilexetil (JP19/USP)
D00627  Telmisartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00629  Nitrendipine (JP19/USAN/INN)
D00631  Bepridil hydrochloride (USAN)
D00636  Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00679  Ergotamine tartrate (JP19/USP)
D00680  Methylergonovine maleate (USP)
D00691  Dyphylline (USP)
D00756  Tetrahydrozoline nitrate (JAN)
D00757  Xylometazoline hydrochloride (USP)
D00996  Epinephrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D00997  Tolazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01017  Dipivefrin hydrochloride (USP)
D01019  Metaraminol bitartrate (JAN/USP)
D01020  Methoxamine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01021  Naphazoline nitrate (JP19)
D01022  Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01023  Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01024  Tamsulosin hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01104  Barnidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01145  Azelnidipine (JP19/INN)
D01151  Lemildipine (JAN/INN)
D01163  Ergonovine maleate (USP)
D01171  Monatepil maleate (JAN/USAN)
D01173  Cilnidipine (JP19/INN)
D01188  Pimilprost (JAN/INN)
D01204  Olmesartan medoxomil (JP19/USP)
D01224  Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01227  Bosentan (USAN)
D01290  Nicergoline (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01307  Midodrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01333  Urapidil (JP19/INN)
D01337  Epoprostenol sodium (JAN/USAN)
D01347  Tramazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01369  Bevantolol hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01385  Ibudilast (JP19/INN)
D01386  Ephedrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01444  Bunitrolol hydrochloride (JAN)
D01445  Ifenprodil tartrate (JP19)
D01453  Caffeine hydrate (JP19)
D01469  Amosulalol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01551  Beraprost sodium (JP19/USAN)
D01553  Manidipine hydrochloride (JP19)
D01562  Aranidipine (JAN/INN)
D01571  Moxisylyte hydrochloride (JAN)
D01573  Etilefrine hydrochloride (JP19)
D01604  Efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate (JAN)
D01674  Naftopidil (JP19/INN)
D01691  Nipradilol (JAN/INN)
D01692  Alfuzosin hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01697  Colforsin daropate hydrochloride (JAN)
D01712  Theophylline sodium acetate (JAN)
D01771  Proxyphylline (JAN/INN)
D01810  Nicorandil (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01830  Arotinolol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01840  Fasudil hydrochloride (JAN)
D01849  Lercanidipine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01887  Bunazosin hydrochloride (JP19)
D01908  Nilvadipine (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01922  Pratosartan (JAN/INN)
D01933  Vatanidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01952  L-Methylephedrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01965  Silodosin (JP19/INN)
D01969  Gallopamil hydrochloride (JAN)
D02014  Angiotensin II (USAN)
D02045  Benidipine hydrochloride (JP19)
D02048  Clinprost (JAN/INN)
D02082  Eprosartan mesylate (USAN)
D02109  dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride (JP19)
D02149  Epinephrine bitartrate (USP)
D02268  Ergoloid mesylates (USP)
D02349  Dipivefrin (USAN)
D02356  Verapamil (USAN/INN)
D02537  Dronedarone (INN)
D02720  Beraprost (USAN)
D02721  Iloprost (USAN/INN)
D02774  Adrenalone (USAN/INN)
D02910  Amiodarone (USAN/INN)
D02914  Amlodipine maleate (USAN)
D02935  Anaritide acetate (USAN)
D02939  Angiotensin amide (USAN)
D02983  Argipressin tannate (USAN)
D03009  Atrasentan hydrochloride (USAN)
D03067  Belfosdil (USAN/INN)
D03115  Fasudil hydrochloride hydrate (JAN)
D03120  Binodenoson (USAN/INN)
D03212  Apadenoson (USAN)
D03328  Carperitide (USAN/INN)
D03415  Carvedilol phosphate (USAN)
D03536  Clentiazem maleate (JAN/USAN)
D03584  Colforsin (USAN/INN)
D03648  Dapiprazole hydrochloride (USAN)
D03655  Darodipine (USAN/INN)
D03830  Diltiazem malate (USAN)
D03887  Domazoline fumarate (USAN)
D03914  Dronedarone hydrochloride (USP)
D03953  Edonentan (USAN)
D04006  Enprofylline (USAN/INN)
D04018  Ephedrine sulfate (USP)
D04040  Eprosartan (USAN/INN)
D04051  Erythrityl tetranitrate (USAN)
D04126  Saralasin acetate (USAN)
D04128  Fandosentan potassium (USAN)
D04137  Felypressin (USAN/INN)
D04184  Fiduxosin hydrochloride (USAN)
D04192  Flindokalner (USAN/INN)
D04193  Flordipine (USAN/INN)
D04243  Forasartan (USAN/INN)
D04531  Indoramin (USAN/INN)
D04532  Indoramin hydrochloride (USAN)
D04657  Lacidipine (USAN/INN)
D05024  Mibefradil dihydrochloride (USAN)
D05147  Nesiritide (USAN/INN)
D05148  Nesiritide citrate (USAN)
D05206  Norepinephrine bitartrate (USP)
D05228  Octodrine (USAN/INN)
D05246  Olmesartan (USAN/INN)
D05395  Pelanserin hydrochloride (USAN)
D05429  Aminophylline hydrate (JP19)
D05442  Perhexiline maleate (USAN)
D05466  Phenylpropanolamine polistirex (USAN)
D05637  Propylhexedrine (USP/INN)
D05648  Pseudoephedrine polistirex (USAN)
D05649  Pseudoephedrine sulfate (USP)
D05711  Regadenoson (USAN)
D05801  Saprisartan potassium (USAN)
D06010  Tasosartan (USAN/INN)
D06103  Theophylline (USP)
D06104  Theophylline sodium glycinate (USP)
D06129  Tiapamil hydrochloride (USAN)
D06213  Treprostinil (JAN/USAN/INN)
D06234  Trimazosin hydrochloride (USAN)
D06380  Zolertine hydrochloride (USAN)
D06394  Dabuzalgron hydrochloride (USAN)
D06672  Terlipressin (USAN/INN)
D07077  Ambrisentan (JAN/INN)
D07097  Isometheptene mucate (USP)
D07124  Alfuzosin (INN)
D07171  Sitaxentan (USAN/INN)
D07185  Fendiline (INN)
D07227  Ornipressin (INN)
D07450  Amlodipine (USP/INN)
D07451  Amosulalol (INN)
D07465  Arotinolol (INN)
D07494  Barnidipine (INN)
D07509  Benidipine (INN)
D07520  Bepridil (INN)
D07538  Bosentan (INN)
D07550  Bunazosin (INN)
D07560  Adrenalone hydrochloride
D07577  Cinaciguat (JAN/INN)
D07603  Caffeine citrate (USP)
D07682  Clazosentan sodium (JAN/USAN)
D07775  Dapiprazole (INN)
D07833  Dihydroergocristine mesilate (BAN)
D07834  Dihydroergocristine (BAN)
D07845  Diltiazem (INN)
D07874  Doxazosin (INN)
D07886  Efonidipine (INN)
D07905  Ergometrine (INN)
D07906  Ergotamine (INN)
D07931  Etilefrine (INN)
D07941  Fasudil (INN)
D07943  Fendiline hydrochloride
D08009  Gallopamil (INN)
D08064  Ifenprodil (INN)
D08065  Iloprost tromethamine
D08067  Azilsartan medoxomil (USAN)
D08106  Labetalol (INN)
D08111  Lercanidipine (INN)
D08146  Losartan (INN)
D08155  Manidipine (INN)
D08192  Metaraminol (INN)
D08201  Methoxamine (BAN)
D08206  Methylephedrine (BAN)
D08207  Methylergometrine (INN)
D08212  Trimazosin (INN)
D08217  Mibefradil (INN)
D08220  Midodrine (INN)
D08239  Moxisylyte (INN)
D08253  Naphazoline (INN)
D08270  Nicardipine (INN)
D08271  Nicergoline tartrate
D08284  Norepinephrine hydrochoride
D08322  Oxymetazoline (INN)
D08340  Perhexiline (INN)
D08358  Phenoxybenzamine (INN)
D08362  Phentolamine (INN)
D08365  Phenylephrine (INN)
D08366  Phenylephrine tartrate
D08368  Phenylpropanolamine (INN)
D08411  Prazosin (INN)
D08444  Propylhexedrine hydrochloride
D08449  Pseudoephedrine (INN)
D08517  Sitaxentan sodium (USAN)
D08560  Tamsulosin (INN)
D08569  Terazosin (INN)
D08571  Terlipressin acetate (JAN)
D08578  Tetryzoline (INN)
D08614  Tolazoline (INN)
D08624  Tramazoline (INN)
D08628  Treprostinil monosodium salt
D08662  Urapidil hydrochloride
D08684  Xylometazoline (INN)
D08864  Azilsartan (JAN/USAN/INN)
D08865  Azilsartan kamedoxomil (USAN)
D08892  Clevidipine (USAN/INN)
D08941  Levamlodipine malate (USAN)
D08966  Phenylephrine bitartrate (USP)
D09003  Sonedenoson (USAN)
D09391  Telcagepant (USAN)
D09392  Telcagepant potassium (USAN)
D09572  Riociguat (JAN/USAN/INN)
D09789  Kirenidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D09794  Norepinephrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D09820  Vasopressin tannate (JAN)
D09833  Levosemotiadil fumarate (JAN)
D09842  dl-Methylephedrine saccharinate (JAN)
D09994  Selexipag (JAN/USAN/INN)
D10063  Cenderitide (USAN)
D10135  Macitentan (JAN/USAN)
D10430  Treprostinil diolamine (USAN)
D10463  Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (JAN/USAN)
D10556  Fimasartan (INN)
D10628  Esuberaprost (USAN/INN)
D10673  Ubrogepant (USAN/INN)
D10703  Esuberaprost sodium (USAN)
D10725  Ralinepag (USAN/INN)
D10737  Verosudil (USAN/INN)
D10738  Verosudil hydrochloride (USAN)
D10928  Erenumab (USAN/INN)
D10932  Etripamil (USAN/INN)
D11030  Netarsudil (USAN/INN)
D11031  Netarsudil mesylate (USAN)
D11051  Vericiguat (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11102  Tamolarizine hydrochloride (JAN)
D11142  Angiotensin II acetate (USAN)
D11274  Praliciguat (USAN/INN)
D11303  Eptinezumab (USAN)
D11313  Atogepant (USAN)
D11441  Aprocitentan (USAN/INN)
D11446  Esuberaprost potassium (USAN)
D11475  Olinciguat (USAN/INN)
D11585  Terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
D11630  Aminophylline dihydrate
D11664  Clazosentan (USAN/INN)
D11723  Levamlodipine maleate (USAN)
D11776  Sparsentan (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11881  Amlodipine benzoate
D11898  Zavegepant (USAN)
D11899  Zavegepant hydrochloride (USAN)
D11974  Centhaquine (USAN)
D11975  Centhaquine citrate (USAN)
D12005  Treprostinil palmitil (USAN/INN)
D12369  Etrumadenant (USAN/INN)
D12568  Regadenoson (INN)
D12629  Treprostinil phosphate (USAN)
D12840  Zilebesiran sodium (JAN/USAN)
D12934  Dibutepinephrine (USAN/INN)
D12935  Dibutepinephrine hydrochloride (USAN)
D13014  Ripasudil (USAN/INN)
D13026  Atogepant hydrate (JAN)
D13034  Avenciguat (USAN/INN)
D13262  Vixticibart (USAN/INN)
Other DBs
GO: 0014829
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
100137049  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100652777  PLA2G10BP; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
10203  CALCRL; calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor precursor [KO:K04577]
10242  KCNMB2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938]
10266  RAMP2; receptor activity-modifying protein 2 precursor [KO:K08448]
10267  RAMP1; receptor activity-modifying protein 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K08447]
10268  RAMP3; receptor activity-modifying protein 3 precursor [KO:K08449]
10335  IRAG1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 isoform a [KO:K12337]
10398  MYL9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 isoform a [KO:K12755]
10672  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform 1 [KO:K04639]
107  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform 2 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform 1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform 1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform 1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
123745  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
133  ADM; pro-adrenomedullin precursor [KO:K12333]
135  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
136  ADORA2B; adenosine receptor A2b [KO:K04267]
140465  MYL6B; myosin light chain 6B [KO:K12751]
146  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
147  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
148  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform 1 [KO:K04135]
157855  KCNU1; potassium channel subfamily U member 1 [KO:K05274]
163688  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
183  AGT; angiotensinogen precursor [KO:K09821]
185  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
1906  EDN1; endothelin-1 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16366]
1907  EDN2; endothelin-2 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16367]
1908  EDN3; endothelin-3 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05227]
1909  EDNRA; endothelin-1 receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K04197]
196883  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
23236  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform a [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
23365  ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform 1 [KO:K07532]
255189  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
26279  PLA2G2D; group IID secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
27094  KCNMB3; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 isoform d [KO:K04939]
27345  KCNMB4; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04941]
2767  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
2768  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform 1 [KO:K04346]
2776  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
2778  GNAS; protein GNAS isoform XLas [KO:K04632]
283748  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
2977  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform 2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2982  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 isoform A [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2983  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform 2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
30814  PLA2G2E; group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
340156  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
369  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
3708  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR1 isoform 4 [KO:K04958]
3709  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR2 isoform 1 [KO:K04959]
3710  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3 [KO:K04960]
3778  KCNMA1; Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform c [KO:K04936]
3779  KCNMB1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04937]
387  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04513]
391013  PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
4627  MYH9; myosin-9 [KO:K10352]
4628  MYH10; myosin-10 isoform 2 [KO:K10352]
4629  MYH11; myosin-11 isoform SM1A [KO:K10352]
4637  MYL6; myosin light polypeptide 6 isoform 1 [KO:K12751]
4638  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
4659  PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform a [KO:K06270]
4660  PPP1R12B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform a [KO:K12329]
4878  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A preproprotein [KO:K12334]
4879  NPPB; natriuretic peptides B preproprotein [KO:K12335]
4880  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide preproprotein [KO:K12336]
4881  NPR1; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
4882  NPR2; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
50487  PLA2G3; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
51806  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
5319  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5320  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2, membrane associated precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5321  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5322  PLA2G5; phospholipase A2 group V precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5330  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5331  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5332  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform b [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
54776  PPP1R12C; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform a [KO:K17457]
5499  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5500  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5501  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
551  AVP; vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin preproprotein [KO:K05242]
552  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
553  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
5566  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform Calpha1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5567  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5568  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform 1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5580  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform c [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5581  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform 2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5583  PRKCH; protein kinase C eta type [KO:K18051] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5588  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform 1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5592  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5604  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5739  PTGIR; prostacyclin receptor [KO:K04263]
5894  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
59  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle isoform 1 [KO:K12313]
6093  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.39]
64600  PLA2G2F; group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
673  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform 1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
72  ACTG2; actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoform 1 precursor [KO:K12315]
775  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform 18 [KO:K04850]
776  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform b [KO:K04851]
778  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform 1 [KO:K04853]
779  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
796  CALCA; calcitonin isoform CT preproprotein [KO:K12332]
797  CALCB; calcitonin gene-related peptide 2 precursor [KO:K12332]
79784  MYH14; myosin-14 isoform 2 [KO:K10352]
79924  ADM2; protein ADM2 preproprotein [KO:K25343]
800  CALD1; caldesmon isoform 1 [KO:K12327]
801  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
805  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
808  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
810  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
81579  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8398  PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform a [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8399  PLA2G10; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 preproprotein [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
84647  PLA2G12B; group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform a precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
85366  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
8605  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma isoform 1 precursor [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8681  JMJD7-PLA2G4B; JMJD7-PLA2G4B protein isoform b [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
9138  ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform 2 [KO:K12330]
91807  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
91860  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
94274  PPP1R14A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A isoform 1 [KO:K12328]
9475  ROCK2; rho-associated protein kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K17388] [EC:2.7.11.39]
9826  ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform 1 [KO:K12331]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00219  Arachidonate
C00238  Potassium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01312  Prostaglandin I2
C14748  20-HETE
C14768  5,6-EET
C14769  8,9-EET
C14770  11,12-EET
C14771  14,15-EET
Reference
PMID:17458653
  Authors
Akata T
  Title
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
J Anesth 21:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00540-006-0488-4
Reference
PMID:12689814
  Authors
Ogut O, Brozovich FV
  Title
Regulation of force in vascular smooth muscle.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:347-55 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0022-2828(03)00045-2
Reference
PMID:16339747
  Authors
Hilgers RH, Webb RC
  Title
Molecular aspects of arterial smooth muscle contraction: focus on Rho.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230:829-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1177/153537020523001107
Reference
PMID:12693609
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Feil R, Hofmann F
  Title
Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases.
  Journal
Ann Med 35:21-7 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/07853890310004093
Reference
PMID:16870827
  Authors
Mehta PK, Griendling KK
  Title
Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C82-97 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00287.2006
Reference
PMID:19120701
  Authors
Kim HR, Appel S, Vetterkind S, Gangopadhyay SS, Morgan KG
  Title
Smooth muscle signalling pathways in health and disease.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 12:2165-80 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00552.x
Reference
PMID:11165670
  Authors
Fukata Y, Amano M, Kaibuchi K
  Title
Rho-Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle contraction and cytoskeletal reorganization of non-muscle cells.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:32-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01596-0
Reference
PMID:17158339
  Authors
Dimopoulos GJ, Semba S, Kitazawa K, Eto M, Kitazawa T
  Title
Ca2+-dependent rapid Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle.
  Journal
Circ Res 100:121-9 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000253902.90489.df
Reference
PMID:17200683
  Authors
Hynynen MM, Khalil RA
  Title
The vascular endothelin system in hypertension--recent patents and discoveries.
  Journal
Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov 1:95-108 (2006)
DOI:10.2174/157489006775244263
Reference
PMID:15269340
  Authors
Brain SD, Grant AD
  Title
Vascular actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 84:903-34 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00037.2003
Reference
PMID:11773611
  Authors
Roman RJ
  Title
P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 82:131-85 (2002)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00021.2001
Reference
PMID:18040024
  Authors
Surks HK
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and smooth muscle relaxation: a tale of two isoforms.
  Journal
Circ Res 101:1078-80 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165779
Reference
PMID:15026027
  Authors
Vanhoutte PM
  Title
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations: the history.
  Journal
Pharmacol Res 49:503-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2003.11.015
Reference
PMID:10221985
  Authors
Davis MJ, Hill MA
  Title
Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 79:387-423 (1999)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.387
Reference
PMID:11679404
  Authors
Fleming I.
  Title
Cytochrome p450 and vascular homeostasis.
  Journal
Circ Res 89:753-62 (2001)
DOI:10.1161/hh2101.099268
Reference
PMID:10911373
  Authors
Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, Weiner CP
  Title
Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 184:409-20 (2000)
DOI:10.1002/1097-4652(200009)184:3<409::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K
Reference
PMID:18552454
  Authors
Ko EA, Han J, Jung ID, Park WS
  Title
Physiological roles of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
J Smooth Muscle Res 44:65-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1540/jsmr.44.65
Reference
PMID:18703404
  Authors
Woodard GE, Rosado JA
  Title
Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 268:59-93 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/S1937-6448(08)00803-4
Reference
PMID:11709400
  Authors
Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG
  Title
Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H2337-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2337
Reference
PMID:15725705
  Authors
Hirano K, Hirano M, Kanaide H
  Title
Regulation of myosin phosphorylation and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle.
  Journal
J Smooth Muscle Res 40:219-36 (2004)
DOI:10.1540/jsmr.40.219
Reference
PMID:9458738
  Authors
Freeman EJ, Ruehr ML, Dorman RV
  Title
ANG II-induced translocation of cytosolic PLA2 to the nucleus in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol 274:C282-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.1.C282
Reference
PMID:12060106
  Authors
Murphy TV, Spurrell BE, Hill MA
  Title
Cellular signalling in arteriolar myogenic constriction: involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways.
  Journal
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 29:612-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03698.x
Related
pathway
hsa00590  Arachidonic acid metabolism
hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04270   

  All links  
No link information was found.
KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04270
Entry
hsa04270                    Pathway                                
Name
Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure.
The principal mechanisms that regulate the contractile state of VSMCs are changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). In response to vasoconstrictor stimuli, Ca2+ is mobilized from intracellular stores and/or the extracellular space to increase [Ca2+]c in VSMCs. The increase in [Ca2+]c, in turn, activates the Ca2+-CaM-MLCK pathway and stimulates MLC20 phosphorylation, leading to myosin-actin interactions and, hence, the development of contractile force. The sensitivity of contractile myofilaments or MLC20 phosphorylation to Ca2+ can be secondarily modulated by other signaling pathways. During receptor stimulation, the contractile force is greatly enhanced by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. Rho/Rho kinase, PKC, and arachidonic acid have been proposed to play a pivotal role in this enhancement.
The signaling events that mediate relaxation include the removal of a contractile agonist (passive relaxation) and activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in the continued presence of a contractile agonist (active relaxation). Active relaxation occurs through the inhibition of both Ca2+ mobilization and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in VSMCs.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
hsa04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
hsa04270

Drug
D00045  Adenosine (JAN/USP)
D00076  Noradrenaline (JP19)
D00095  Epinephrine (USP/INN)
D00101  Vasopressin (JP19/USP)
D00106  Epoprostenol (USAN/INN)
D00124  Ephedrine (USP)
D00150  Angiotensin II (INN)
D00227  Aminophylline (USP/INN)
D00255  Carvedilol (JP19/USP/INN)
D00319  Felodipine (JP19/USP/INN)
D00349  Isradipine (USP/INN)
D00357  Losartan potassium (JP19/USP)
D00366  Lypressin (USAN/INN)
D00371  Theophylline (JP19)
D00400  Valsartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00437  Nifedipine (JP19/USP/INN)
D00438  Nimodipine (USP/INN)
D00485  Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (USP)
D00507  Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (USP)
D00509  Phentolamine mesylate (USP)
D00511  Phenylephrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00517  Amyl nitrite (JP19/USP)
D00522  Candesartan (USAN/INN)
D00523  Irbesartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00528  Caffeine (USP)
D00600  Labetalol hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00607  Guanadrel sulfate (USAN)
D00608  Doxazosin mesylate (USP)
D00609  Prazosin hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00610  Terazosin hydrochloride (USP)
D00615  Amlodipine besylate (USP)
D00616  Diltiazem hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00617  Nicardipine hydrochloride (JP19/USAN)
D00618  Nisoldipine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D00619  Verapamil hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00626  Candesartan cilexetil (JP19/USP)
D00627  Telmisartan (JP19/USP/INN)
D00629  Nitrendipine (JP19/USAN/INN)
D00631  Bepridil hydrochloride (USAN)
D00636  Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D00679  Ergotamine tartrate (JP19/USP)
D00680  Methylergonovine maleate (USP)
D00691  Dyphylline (USP)
D00756  Tetrahydrozoline nitrate (JAN)
D00757  Xylometazoline hydrochloride (USP)
D00996  Epinephrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D00997  Tolazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01017  Dipivefrin hydrochloride (USP)
D01019  Metaraminol bitartrate (JAN/USP)
D01020  Methoxamine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01021  Naphazoline nitrate (JP19)
D01022  Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01023  Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01024  Tamsulosin hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01104  Barnidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01145  Azelnidipine (JP19/INN)
D01151  Lemildipine (JAN/INN)
D01163  Ergonovine maleate (USP)
D01171  Monatepil maleate (JAN/USAN)
D01173  Cilnidipine (JP19/INN)
D01188  Pimilprost (JAN/INN)
D01204  Olmesartan medoxomil (JP19/USP)
D01224  Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D01227  Bosentan (USAN)
D01290  Nicergoline (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01307  Midodrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01333  Urapidil (JP19/INN)
D01337  Epoprostenol sodium (JAN/USAN)
D01347  Tramazoline hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01369  Bevantolol hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01385  Ibudilast (JP19/INN)
D01386  Ephedrine hydrochloride (JP19/USP)
D01444  Bunitrolol hydrochloride (JAN)
D01445  Ifenprodil tartrate (JP19)
D01453  Caffeine hydrate (JP19)
D01469  Amosulalol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01551  Beraprost sodium (JP19/USAN)
D01553  Manidipine hydrochloride (JP19)
D01562  Aranidipine (JAN/INN)
D01571  Moxisylyte hydrochloride (JAN)
D01573  Etilefrine hydrochloride (JP19)
D01604  Efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate (JAN)
D01674  Naftopidil (JP19/INN)
D01691  Nipradilol (JAN/INN)
D01692  Alfuzosin hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01697  Colforsin daropate hydrochloride (JAN)
D01712  Theophylline sodium acetate (JAN)
D01771  Proxyphylline (JAN/INN)
D01810  Nicorandil (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01830  Arotinolol hydrochloride (JP19)
D01840  Fasudil hydrochloride (JAN)
D01849  Lercanidipine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D01887  Bunazosin hydrochloride (JP19)
D01908  Nilvadipine (JP19/USAN/INN)
D01922  Pratosartan (JAN/INN)
D01933  Vatanidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01952  L-Methylephedrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D01965  Silodosin (JP19/INN)
D01969  Gallopamil hydrochloride (JAN)
D02014  Angiotensin II (USAN)
D02045  Benidipine hydrochloride (JP19)
D02048  Clinprost (JAN/INN)
D02082  Eprosartan mesylate (USAN)
D02109  dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride (JP19)
D02149  Epinephrine bitartrate (USP)
D02268  Ergoloid mesylates (USP)
D02349  Dipivefrin (USAN)
D02356  Verapamil (USAN/INN)
D02537  Dronedarone (INN)
D02720  Beraprost (USAN)
D02721  Iloprost (USAN/INN)
D02774  Adrenalone (USAN/INN)
D02910  Amiodarone (USAN/INN)
D02914  Amlodipine maleate (USAN)
D02935  Anaritide acetate (USAN)
D02939  Angiotensin amide (USAN)
D02983  Argipressin tannate (USAN)
D03009  Atrasentan hydrochloride (USAN)
D03067  Belfosdil (USAN/INN)
D03115  Fasudil hydrochloride hydrate (JAN)
D03120  Binodenoson (USAN/INN)
D03212  Apadenoson (USAN)
D03328  Carperitide (USAN/INN)
D03415  Carvedilol phosphate (USAN)
D03536  Clentiazem maleate (JAN/USAN)
D03584  Colforsin (USAN/INN)
D03648  Dapiprazole hydrochloride (USAN)
D03655  Darodipine (USAN/INN)
D03830  Diltiazem malate (USAN)
D03887  Domazoline fumarate (USAN)
D03914  Dronedarone hydrochloride (USP)
D03953  Edonentan (USAN)
D04006  Enprofylline (USAN/INN)
D04018  Ephedrine sulfate (USP)
D04040  Eprosartan (USAN/INN)
D04051  Erythrityl tetranitrate (USAN)
D04126  Saralasin acetate (USAN)
D04128  Fandosentan potassium (USAN)
D04137  Felypressin (USAN/INN)
D04184  Fiduxosin hydrochloride (USAN)
D04192  Flindokalner (USAN/INN)
D04193  Flordipine (USAN/INN)
D04243  Forasartan (USAN/INN)
D04531  Indoramin (USAN/INN)
D04532  Indoramin hydrochloride (USAN)
D04657  Lacidipine (USAN/INN)
D05024  Mibefradil dihydrochloride (USAN)
D05147  Nesiritide (USAN/INN)
D05148  Nesiritide citrate (USAN)
D05206  Norepinephrine bitartrate (USP)
D05228  Octodrine (USAN/INN)
D05246  Olmesartan (USAN/INN)
D05395  Pelanserin hydrochloride (USAN)
D05429  Aminophylline hydrate (JP19)
D05442  Perhexiline maleate (USAN)
D05466  Phenylpropanolamine polistirex (USAN)
D05637  Propylhexedrine (USP/INN)
D05648  Pseudoephedrine polistirex (USAN)
D05649  Pseudoephedrine sulfate (USP)
D05711  Regadenoson (USAN)
D05801  Saprisartan potassium (USAN)
D06010  Tasosartan (USAN/INN)
D06103  Theophylline (USP)
D06104  Theophylline sodium glycinate (USP)
D06129  Tiapamil hydrochloride (USAN)
D06213  Treprostinil (JAN/USAN/INN)
D06234  Trimazosin hydrochloride (USAN)
D06380  Zolertine hydrochloride (USAN)
D06394  Dabuzalgron hydrochloride (USAN)
D06672  Terlipressin (USAN/INN)
D07077  Ambrisentan (JAN/INN)
D07097  Isometheptene mucate (USP)
D07124  Alfuzosin (INN)
D07171  Sitaxentan (USAN/INN)
D07185  Fendiline (INN)
D07227  Ornipressin (INN)
D07450  Amlodipine (USP/INN)
D07451  Amosulalol (INN)
D07465  Arotinolol (INN)
D07494  Barnidipine (INN)
D07509  Benidipine (INN)
D07520  Bepridil (INN)
D07538  Bosentan (INN)
D07550  Bunazosin (INN)
D07560  Adrenalone hydrochloride
D07577  Cinaciguat (JAN/INN)
D07603  Caffeine citrate (USP)
D07682  Clazosentan sodium (JAN/USAN)
D07775  Dapiprazole (INN)
D07833  Dihydroergocristine mesilate (BAN)
D07834  Dihydroergocristine (BAN)
D07845  Diltiazem (INN)
D07874  Doxazosin (INN)
D07886  Efonidipine (INN)
D07905  Ergometrine (INN)
D07906  Ergotamine (INN)
D07931  Etilefrine (INN)
D07941  Fasudil (INN)
D07943  Fendiline hydrochloride
D08009  Gallopamil (INN)
D08064  Ifenprodil (INN)
D08065  Iloprost tromethamine
D08067  Azilsartan medoxomil (USAN)
D08106  Labetalol (INN)
D08111  Lercanidipine (INN)
D08146  Losartan (INN)
D08155  Manidipine (INN)
D08192  Metaraminol (INN)
D08201  Methoxamine (BAN)
D08206  Methylephedrine (BAN)
D08207  Methylergometrine (INN)
D08212  Trimazosin (INN)
D08217  Mibefradil (INN)
D08220  Midodrine (INN)
D08239  Moxisylyte (INN)
D08253  Naphazoline (INN)
D08270  Nicardipine (INN)
D08271  Nicergoline tartrate
D08284  Norepinephrine hydrochoride
D08322  Oxymetazoline (INN)
D08340  Perhexiline (INN)
D08358  Phenoxybenzamine (INN)
D08362  Phentolamine (INN)
D08365  Phenylephrine (INN)
D08366  Phenylephrine tartrate
D08368  Phenylpropanolamine (INN)
D08411  Prazosin (INN)
D08444  Propylhexedrine hydrochloride
D08449  Pseudoephedrine (INN)
D08517  Sitaxentan sodium (USAN)
D08560  Tamsulosin (INN)
D08569  Terazosin (INN)
D08571  Terlipressin acetate (JAN)
D08578  Tetryzoline (INN)
D08614  Tolazoline (INN)
D08624  Tramazoline (INN)
D08628  Treprostinil monosodium salt
D08662  Urapidil hydrochloride
D08684  Xylometazoline (INN)
D08864  Azilsartan (JAN/USAN/INN)
D08865  Azilsartan kamedoxomil (USAN)
D08892  Clevidipine (USAN/INN)
D08941  Levamlodipine malate (USAN)
D08966  Phenylephrine bitartrate (USP)
D09003  Sonedenoson (USAN)
D09391  Telcagepant (USAN)
D09392  Telcagepant potassium (USAN)
D09572  Riociguat (JAN/USAN/INN)
D09789  Kirenidipine hydrochloride (JAN)
D09794  Norepinephrine hydrochloride (JAN)
D09820  Vasopressin tannate (JAN)
D09833  Levosemotiadil fumarate (JAN)
D09842  dl-Methylephedrine saccharinate (JAN)
D09994  Selexipag (JAN/USAN/INN)
D10063  Cenderitide (USAN)
D10135  Macitentan (JAN/USAN)
D10430  Treprostinil diolamine (USAN)
D10463  Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (JAN/USAN)
D10556  Fimasartan (INN)
D10628  Esuberaprost (USAN/INN)
D10673  Ubrogepant (USAN/INN)
D10703  Esuberaprost sodium (USAN)
D10725  Ralinepag (USAN/INN)
D10737  Verosudil (USAN/INN)
D10738  Verosudil hydrochloride (USAN)
D10928  Erenumab (USAN/INN)
D10932  Etripamil (USAN/INN)
D11030  Netarsudil (USAN/INN)
D11031  Netarsudil mesylate (USAN)
D11051  Vericiguat (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11102  Tamolarizine hydrochloride (JAN)
D11142  Angiotensin II acetate (USAN)
D11274  Praliciguat (USAN/INN)
D11303  Eptinezumab (USAN)
D11313  Atogepant (USAN)
D11441  Aprocitentan (USAN/INN)
D11446  Esuberaprost potassium (USAN)
D11475  Olinciguat (USAN/INN)
D11585  Terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
D11630  Aminophylline dihydrate
D11664  Clazosentan (USAN/INN)
D11723  Levamlodipine maleate (USAN)
D11776  Sparsentan (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11881  Amlodipine benzoate
D11898  Zavegepant (USAN)
D11899  Zavegepant hydrochloride (USAN)
D11974  Centhaquine (USAN)
D11975  Centhaquine citrate (USAN)
D12005  Treprostinil palmitil (USAN/INN)
D12369  Etrumadenant (USAN/INN)
D12568  Regadenoson (INN)
D12629  Treprostinil phosphate (USAN)
D12840  Zilebesiran sodium (JAN/USAN)
D12934  Dibutepinephrine (USAN/INN)
D12935  Dibutepinephrine hydrochloride (USAN)
D13014  Ripasudil (USAN/INN)
D13026  Atogepant hydrate (JAN)
D13034  Avenciguat (USAN/INN)
D13262  Vixticibart (USAN/INN)
Other DBs
GO: 0014829
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
100137049  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100652777  PLA2G10BP; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X2 [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
10203  CALCRL; calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor precursor [KO:K04577]
10242  KCNMB2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938]
10266  RAMP2; receptor activity-modifying protein 2 precursor [KO:K08448]
10267  RAMP1; receptor activity-modifying protein 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K08447]
10268  RAMP3; receptor activity-modifying protein 3 precursor [KO:K08449]
10335  IRAG1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 isoform a [KO:K12337]
10398  MYL9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 isoform a [KO:K12755]
10672  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform 1 [KO:K04639]
107  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform 2 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform 1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform 1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform 1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
123745  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
133  ADM; pro-adrenomedullin precursor [KO:K12333]
135  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
136  ADORA2B; adenosine receptor A2b [KO:K04267]
140465  MYL6B; myosin light chain 6B [KO:K12751]
146  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
147  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
148  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform 1 [KO:K04135]
157855  KCNU1; potassium channel subfamily U member 1 [KO:K05274]
163688  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
183  AGT; angiotensinogen precursor [KO:K09821]
185  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
1906  EDN1; endothelin-1 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16366]
1907  EDN2; endothelin-2 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K16367]
1908  EDN3; endothelin-3 isoform 1 preproprotein [KO:K05227]
1909  EDNRA; endothelin-1 receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K04197]
196883  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
23236  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform a [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
23365  ARHGEF12; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform 1 [KO:K07532]
255189  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
26279  PLA2G2D; group IID secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
27094  KCNMB3; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 isoform d [KO:K04939]
27345  KCNMB4; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04941]
2767  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
2768  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform 1 [KO:K04346]
2776  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
2778  GNAS; protein GNAS isoform XLas [KO:K04632]
283748  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
2977  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 isoform 2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2982  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 isoform A [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
2983  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform 2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
30814  PLA2G2E; group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
340156  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
369  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
3708  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR1 isoform 4 [KO:K04958]
3709  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR2 isoform 1 [KO:K04959]
3710  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated calcium channel ITPR3 [KO:K04960]
3778  KCNMA1; Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform c [KO:K04936]
3779  KCNMB1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04937]
387  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04513]
391013  PLA2G2C; putative inactive group IIC secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
4627  MYH9; myosin-9 [KO:K10352]
4628  MYH10; myosin-10 isoform 2 [KO:K10352]
4629  MYH11; myosin-11 isoform SM1A [KO:K10352]
4637  MYL6; myosin light polypeptide 6 isoform 1 [KO:K12751]
4638  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
4659  PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform a [KO:K06270]
4660  PPP1R12B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B isoform a [KO:K12329]
4878  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A preproprotein [KO:K12334]
4879  NPPB; natriuretic peptides B preproprotein [KO:K12335]
4880  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide preproprotein [KO:K12336]
4881  NPR1; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
4882  NPR2; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
50487  PLA2G3; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
51806  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
5319  PLA2G1B; phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5320  PLA2G2A; phospholipase A2, membrane associated precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5321  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5322  PLA2G5; phospholipase A2 group V precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
5330  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5331  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5332  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform b [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
54776  PPP1R12C; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform a [KO:K17457]
5499  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5500  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5501  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
551  AVP; vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin preproprotein [KO:K05242]
552  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
553  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
5566  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform Calpha1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5567  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5568  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform 1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5580  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform c [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5581  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform 2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5583  PRKCH; protein kinase C eta type [KO:K18051] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5588  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform 1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5592  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5604  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5739  PTGIR; prostacyclin receptor [KO:K04263]
5894  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform b [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
59  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle isoform 1 [KO:K12313]
6093  ROCK1; rho-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.39]
64600  PLA2G2F; group IIF secretory phospholipase A2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
673  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform 1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
72  ACTG2; actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle isoform 1 precursor [KO:K12315]
775  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform 18 [KO:K04850]
776  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform b [KO:K04851]
778  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform 1 [KO:K04853]
779  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
796  CALCA; calcitonin isoform CT preproprotein [KO:K12332]
797  CALCB; calcitonin gene-related peptide 2 precursor [KO:K12332]
79784  MYH14; myosin-14 isoform 2 [KO:K10352]
79924  ADM2; protein ADM2 preproprotein [KO:K25343]
800  CALD1; caldesmon isoform 1 [KO:K12327]
801  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
805  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform 2 [KO:K02183]
808  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
810  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
81579  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8398  PLA2G6; 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 isoform a [KO:K16343] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8399  PLA2G10; group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 preproprotein [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
84647  PLA2G12B; group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein isoform a precursor [KO:K01047] [EC:3.1.1.4]
85366  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
8605  PLA2G4C; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma isoform 1 precursor [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
8681  JMJD7-PLA2G4B; JMJD7-PLA2G4B protein isoform b [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
9138  ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform 2 [KO:K12330]
91807  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
91860  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02183]
94274  PPP1R14A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A isoform 1 [KO:K12328]
9475  ROCK2; rho-associated protein kinase 2 isoform 1 [KO:K17388] [EC:2.7.11.39]
9826  ARHGEF11; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 isoform 1 [KO:K12331]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00219  Arachidonate
C00238  Potassium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01312  Prostaglandin I2
C14748  20-HETE
C14768  5,6-EET
C14769  8,9-EET
C14770  11,12-EET
C14771  14,15-EET
Reference
PMID:17458653
  Authors
Akata T
  Title
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
J Anesth 21:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00540-006-0488-4
Reference
PMID:12689814
  Authors
Ogut O, Brozovich FV
  Title
Regulation of force in vascular smooth muscle.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:347-55 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0022-2828(03)00045-2
Reference
PMID:16339747
  Authors
Hilgers RH, Webb RC
  Title
Molecular aspects of arterial smooth muscle contraction: focus on Rho.
  Journal
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230:829-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1177/153537020523001107
Reference
PMID:12693609
  Authors
Schlossmann J, Feil R, Hofmann F
  Title
Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases.
  Journal
Ann Med 35:21-7 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/07853890310004093
Reference
PMID:16870827
  Authors
Mehta PK, Griendling KK
  Title
Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C82-97 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00287.2006
Reference
PMID:19120701
  Authors
Kim HR, Appel S, Vetterkind S, Gangopadhyay SS, Morgan KG
  Title
Smooth muscle signalling pathways in health and disease.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 12:2165-80 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00552.x
Reference
PMID:11165670
  Authors
Fukata Y, Amano M, Kaibuchi K
  Title
Rho-Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle contraction and cytoskeletal reorganization of non-muscle cells.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:32-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01596-0
Reference
PMID:17158339
  Authors
Dimopoulos GJ, Semba S, Kitazawa K, Eto M, Kitazawa T
  Title
Ca2+-dependent rapid Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle.
  Journal
Circ Res 100:121-9 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000253902.90489.df
Reference
PMID:17200683
  Authors
Hynynen MM, Khalil RA
  Title
The vascular endothelin system in hypertension--recent patents and discoveries.
  Journal
Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov 1:95-108 (2006)
DOI:10.2174/157489006775244263
Reference
PMID:15269340
  Authors
Brain SD, Grant AD
  Title
Vascular actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 84:903-34 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00037.2003
Reference
PMID:11773611
  Authors
Roman RJ
  Title
P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 82:131-85 (2002)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00021.2001
Reference
PMID:18040024
  Authors
Surks HK
  Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and smooth muscle relaxation: a tale of two isoforms.
  Journal
Circ Res 101:1078-80 (2007)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165779
Reference
PMID:15026027
  Authors
Vanhoutte PM
  Title
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations: the history.
  Journal
Pharmacol Res 49:503-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2003.11.015
Reference
PMID:10221985
  Authors
Davis MJ, Hill MA
  Title
Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 79:387-423 (1999)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.387
Reference
PMID:11679404
  Authors
Fleming I.
  Title
Cytochrome p450 and vascular homeostasis.
  Journal
Circ Res 89:753-62 (2001)
DOI:10.1161/hh2101.099268
Reference
PMID:10911373
  Authors
Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, Weiner CP
  Title
Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 184:409-20 (2000)
DOI:10.1002/1097-4652(200009)184:3<409::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K
Reference
PMID:18552454
  Authors
Ko EA, Han J, Jung ID, Park WS
  Title
Physiological roles of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
J Smooth Muscle Res 44:65-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1540/jsmr.44.65
Reference
PMID:18703404
  Authors
Woodard GE, Rosado JA
  Title
Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology.
  Journal
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 268:59-93 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/S1937-6448(08)00803-4
Reference
PMID:11709400
  Authors
Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG
  Title
Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H2337-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2337
Reference
PMID:15725705
  Authors
Hirano K, Hirano M, Kanaide H
  Title
Regulation of myosin phosphorylation and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle.
  Journal
J Smooth Muscle Res 40:219-36 (2004)
DOI:10.1540/jsmr.40.219
Reference
PMID:9458738
  Authors
Freeman EJ, Ruehr ML, Dorman RV
  Title
ANG II-induced translocation of cytosolic PLA2 to the nucleus in vascular smooth muscle cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol 274:C282-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.1.C282
Reference
PMID:12060106
  Authors
Murphy TV, Spurrell BE, Hill MA
  Title
Cellular signalling in arteriolar myogenic constriction: involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways.
  Journal
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 29:612-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03698.x
Related
pathway
hsa00590  Arachidonic acid metabolism
hsa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04270   

  All links  
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