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KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04978
Entry
hsa04978                    Pathway                                
Name
Mineral absorption - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals, calcium plays innumerable roles in our bodies, serving as a main component of bone as well as an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction/relaxation, neural networks, the immune system, and endocrine/exocrine cells. Iron, copper, and other metals are required for redox reactions (as cofactors) and for oxygen transport and binding (in hemoglobin and myoglobin). Many enzymes require specific metal atoms to complete their catalytic functions. Animal tissues need moderate quantities of some elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, and Cl) and trace amounts of others (Mn, Fe, I, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se). The minerals are absorbed by either passive or active transport systems through the intestinal mucosa, often using specialized transport proteins, such as ferritin for Fe3+ and vitamin D-induced protein for calcium.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
hsa04978  Mineral absorption
hsa04978

Drug
D00129  Calcitriol (JAN/USP/INN)
D00187  Ergocalciferol (JP18/USP)
D00188  Cholecalciferol (JP18/USP)
D00299  Dihydrotachysterol (JAN/USP/INN)
D00628  Secalciferol (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01098  Maxacalcitol (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01125  Calcipotriene (USP)
D01472  Tacalcitol hydrate (JP18)
D01518  Alfacalcidol (JAN/INN)
D01662  Falecalcitriol (JAN/INN)
D04790  Lubiprostone (JAN/USAN/INN)
D07578  Eldecalcitol (JAN/INN)
D08554  Tacalcitol (INN)
D10198  Calcipotriol hydrate (JAN)
D10669  Sotagliflozin (USAN/INN)
D11237  Lifastuzumab (USAN)
D11238  Lifastuzumab vedotin (USAN/INN)
D11652  Tenapanor (USAN/INN)
D11653  Tenapanor hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D12289  Vamifeport (USAN/INN)
D12290  Vamifeport trihydrochloride (USAN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
6569  SLC34A1; solute carrier family 34 member 1 [KO:K14683]
10568  SLC34A2; solute carrier family 34 member 2 [KO:K14683]
142680  SLC34A3; solute carrier family 34 member 3 [KO:K14683]
7421  VDR; vitamin D receptor [KO:K08539]
140803  TRPM6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6 [KO:K04981] [EC:2.7.11.1]
54822  TRPM7; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 [KO:K04982] [EC:2.7.11.1]
55503  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
6546  SLC8A1; solute carrier family 8 member A1 [KO:K05849]
6543  SLC8A2; solute carrier family 8 member A2 [KO:K05849]
6547  SLC8A3; solute carrier family 8 member A3 [KO:K05849]
490  ATP2B1; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
492  ATP2B3; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
493  ATP2B4; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
491  ATP2B2; ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
795  S100G; S100 calcium binding protein G [KO:K14734]
1811  SLC26A3; solute carrier family 26 member 3 [KO:K14078]
65010  SLC26A6; solute carrier family 26 member 6 [KO:K14704]
115019  SLC26A9; solute carrier family 26 member 9 [KO:K14706]
1181  CLCN2; chloride voltage-gated channel 2 [KO:K05011]
6550  SLC9A3; solute carrier family 9 member A3 [KO:K12040]
6523  SLC5A1; solute carrier family 5 member 1 [KO:K14158]
340024  SLC6A19; solute carrier family 6 member 19 [KO:K05334]
476  ATP1A1; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
477  ATP1A2; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
478  ATP1A3; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
480  ATP1A4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
23439  ATP1B4; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting family member beta 4 [KO:K01540]
481  ATP1B1; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 1 [KO:K01540]
482  ATP1B2; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 2 [KO:K01540]
483  ATP1B3; ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 3 [KO:K01540]
486  FXYD2; FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2 [KO:K01538]
113235  SLC46A1; solute carrier family 46 member 1 [KO:K14613]
3162  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
3163  HMOX2; heme oxygenase 2 [KO:K21418] [EC:1.14.14.18]
79901  CYBRD1; cytochrome b reductase 1 [KO:K08370] [EC:7.2.1.3]
4891  SLC11A2; solute carrier family 11 member 2 [KO:K21398]
2495  FTH1; ferritin heavy chain 1 [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
2512  FTL; ferritin light chain [KO:K13625]
30061  SLC40A1; solute carrier family 40 member 1 [KO:K14685]
9843  HEPH; hephaestin [KO:K14735] [EC:1.16.3.1]
341208  HEPHL1; hephaestin like 1 [KO:K14735] [EC:1.16.3.1]
7018  TF; transferrin [KO:K14736]
55630  SLC39A4; solute carrier family 39 member 4 [KO:K14710]
7779  SLC30A1; solute carrier family 30 member 1 [KO:K14688]
1317  SLC31A1; solute carrier family 31 member 1 [KO:K14686]
26872  STEAP1; STEAP family member 1 [KO:K14737] [EC:1.16.1.-]
261729  STEAP2; STEAP2 metalloreductase [KO:K14738] [EC:1.16.1.-]
4490  MT1B; metallothionein 1B [KO:K14739]
4493  MT1E; metallothionein 1E [KO:K14739]
4494  MT1F; metallothionein 1F [KO:K14739]
4495  MT1G; metallothionein 1G [KO:K14739]
4496  MT1H; metallothionein 1H [KO:K14739]
4499  MT1M; metallothionein 1M [KO:K14739]
4501  MT1X; metallothionein 1X [KO:K14739]
4502  MT2A; metallothionein 2A [KO:K14739]
4489  MT1A; metallothionein 1A [KO:K14739]
645745  MT1HL1; metallothionein 1H like 1 [KO:K14739]
107984936  metallothionein-1E-like [KO:K14739]
475  ATOX1; antioxidant 1 copper chaperone [KO:K07213]
540  ATP7B; ATPase copper transporting beta [KO:K17686] [EC:7.2.2.8]
538  ATP7A; ATPase copper transporting alpha [KO:K17686] [EC:7.2.2.8]
Compound
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00032  Heme
C00037  Glycine
C00038  Zinc cation
C00041  L-Alanine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00070  Copper
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00123  L-Leucine
C00124  D-Galactose
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00305  Magnesium cation
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00698  Cl-
C01330  Sodium cation
C01673  Calcitriol
C14818  Fe2+
C14819  Fe3+
Reference
PMID:18277073
  Authors
Perez AV, Picotto G, Carpentieri AR, Rivoira MA, Peralta Lopez ME, Tolosa de Talamoni NG
  Title
Minireview on regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Emphasis on molecular mechanisms of transcellular pathway.
  Journal
Digestion 77:22-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1159/000116623
Reference
PMID:18598134
  Authors
Khanal RC, Nemere I
  Title
Regulation of intestinal calcium transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 28:179-96 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.010308.161202
Reference
PMID:15618484
  Authors
Hoenderop JG, Nilius B, Bindels RJ
  Title
Calcium absorption across epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 85:373-422 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00003.2004
Reference
PMID:12520535
  Authors
Bouillon R, Van Cromphaut S, Carmeliet G
  Title
Intestinal calcium absorption: Molecular vitamin D mediated mechanisms.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 88:332-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.10360
Reference
PMID:17943492
  Authors
Chua AC, Graham RM, Trinder D, Olynyk JK
  Title
The regulation of cellular iron metabolism.
  Journal
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 44:413-59 (2007)
DOI:10.1080/10408360701428257
Reference
PMID:18636652
  Authors
West AR, Oates PS
  Title
Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 14:4101-10 (2008)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.14.4101
Reference
PMID:17194590
  Authors
Dunn LL, Rahmanto YS, Richardson DR
  Title
Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium.
  Journal
Trends Cell Biol 17:93-100 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.12.003
Reference
PMID:16565477
  Authors
Donovan A, Roy CN, Andrews NC
  Title
The ins and outs of iron homeostasis.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 21:115-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00052.2005
Reference
PMID:18779306
  Authors
Lonnerdal B
  Title
Intestinal regulation of copper homeostasis: a developmental perspective.
  Journal
Am J Clin Nutr 88:846S-50S (2008)
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/88.3.846S
Reference
PMID:18779302
  Authors
Prohaska JR
  Title
Role of copper transporters in copper homeostasis.
  Journal
Am J Clin Nutr 88:826S-9S (2008)
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/88.3.826S
Reference
PMID:20120011
  Authors
Wang X, Zhou B
  Title
Dietary zinc absorption: A play of Zips and ZnTs in the gut.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 62:176-82 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/iub.291
Reference
PMID:19400752
  Authors
Lichten LA, Cousins RJ
  Title
Mammalian zinc transporters: nutritional and physiologic regulation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 29:153-76 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-033009-083312
Reference
PMID:18301276
  Authors
Quamme GA
  Title
Recent developments in intestinal magnesium absorption.
  Journal
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:230-5 (2008)
DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f37b59
Reference
PMID:19448074
  Authors
Donowitz M, Mohan S, Zhu CX, Chen TE, Lin R, Cha B, Zachos NC, Murtazina R, Sarker R, Li X
  Title
NHE3 regulatory complexes.
  Journal
J Exp Biol 212:1638-46 (2009)
DOI:10.1242/jeb.028605
Reference
PMID:21054167
  Authors
Kato A, Romero MF
  Title
Regulation of Electroneutral NaCl Absorption by the Small Intestine.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 73:261-81 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-012110-142244
Reference
PMID:19729436
  Authors
Sabbagh Y, O'Brien SP, Song W, Boulanger JH, Stockmann A, Arbeeny C, Schiavi SC
  Title
Intestinal npt2b plays a major role in phosphate absorption and homeostasis.
  Journal
J Am Soc Nephrol 20:2348-58 (2009)
DOI:10.1681/ASN.2009050559
Reference
PMID:16431934
  Authors
Marks J, Srai SK, Biber J, Murer H, Unwin RJ, Debnam ES
  Title
Intestinal phosphate absorption and the effect of vitamin D: a comparison of rats with mice.
  Journal
Exp Physiol 91:531-7 (2006)
DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032516
Related
pathway
hsa00860  Porphyrin metabolism
hsa04530  Tight junction
hsa04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
hsa04974  Protein digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04978   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (61)   
   KEGG GENES (61)   
All databases (62)   

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