Entry
Name
MicroRNAs in cancer - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a cluster of small non-encoding RNA molecules of 21 - 23 nucleotides in length, which controls gene expression post-transcriptionally either via the degradation of target mRNAs or the inhibition of protein translation. Using high-throughput profiling, dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely observed in different stages of cancer. The upregulation (overexpression) of specific miRNAs could lead to the repression of tumor suppressor gene expression, and conversely the downregulation of specific miRNAs could result in an increase of oncogene expression; both these situations induce subsequent malignant effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that lead to tumor growth and progress. The miRNA signatures of cancer observed in various studies differ significantly. These inconsistencies occur due to the differences in the study populations and methodologies used. This pathway map shows the summarized results from various studies in 9 cancers, each of which is presented in a review article.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Drug
D03021 Azacitidine (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11164 Cobomarsen sodium (USAN)
D11444 Tazemetostat (USAN/INN)
D11485 Tazemetostat hydrobromide (JAN/USAN)
D11662 Valemetostat tosilate (JAN)
D12602 Tulmimetostat (USAN/INN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:
hsa ]
Gene
1027 CDKN1B; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624 ]
7078 TIMP3; TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 [KO:K16866 ]
3845 KRAS; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827 ]
8091 HMGA2; high mobility group AT-hook 2 [KO:K09283 ]
1398 CRK; CRK proto-oncogene, adaptor protein [KO:K04438 ]
1399 CRKL; CRK like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein [KO:K04438 ]
4170 MCL1; MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member [KO:K02539 ]
7422 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448 ]
6935 ZEB1; zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 [KO:K09299 ]
7042 TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta 2 [KO:K13376 ]
10253 SPRY2; sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2 [KO:K17383 ]
596 BCL2; BCL2 apoptosis regulator [KO:K02161 ]
5268 SERPINB5; serpin family B member 5 [KO:K10139 ]
57521 RPTOR; regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1 [KO:K07204 ]
25 ABL1; ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase [KO:K06619 ] [EC:2.7.10.2 ]
9839 ZEB2; zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 [KO:K23560 ]
6624 FSCN1; fascin actin-bundling protein 1 [KO:K23551 ]
11186 RASSF1; Ras association domain family member 1 [KO:K09850 ]
54541 DDIT4; DNA damage inducible transcript 4 [KO:K08270 ]
6541 SLC7A1; solute carrier family 7 member 1 [KO:K13863 ]
6774 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [KO:K04692 ]
4609 MYC; MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor [KO:K04377 ]
3265 HRAS; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833 ]
4893 NRAS; NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07828 ]
10297 APC2; APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway 2 [KO:K02085 ]
324 APC; APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway [KO:K02085 ]
3667 IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172 ]
5295 PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649 ]
5296 PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649 ]
8503 PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649 ]
5290 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
5291 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
5293 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
3190 HNRNPK; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K [KO:K12886 ]
8434 RECK; reversion inducing cysteine rich protein with kazal motifs [KO:K17461 ]
8660 IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187 ]
648 BMI1; BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger [KO:K11459 ]
4325 MMP16; matrix metallopeptidase 16 [KO:K07996 ] [EC:3.4.24.-]
8651 SOCS1; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 [KO:K04694 ]
960 CD44; CD44 molecule (IN blood group) [KO:K06256 ]
23405 DICER1; dicer 1, ribonuclease III [KO:K11592 ] [EC:3.1.26.-]
387 RHOA; ras homolog family member A [KO:K04513 ]
578 BAK1; BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 [KO:K14021 ]
23414 ZFPM2; zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 [KO:K17442 ]
7329 UBE2I; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 I [KO:K10577 ]
6659 SOX4; SRY-box transcription factor 4 [KO:K23581 ]
4363 ABCC1; ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1 blood group) [KO:K05665 ] [EC:7.6.2.3 ]
1026 CDKN1A; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [KO:K06625 ]
10642 IGF2BP1; insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 [KO:K17391 ]
4790 NFKB1; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 [KO:K02580 ]
2885 GRB2; growth factor receptor bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
6654 SOS1; SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K03099 ]
6655 SOS2; SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K03099 ]
5154 PDGFA; platelet derived growth factor subunit A [KO:K04359 ]
5155 PDGFB; platelet derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386 ]
1029 CDKN2A; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A [KO:K06621 ]
4082 MARCKS; myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate [KO:K12561 ]
2146 EZH2; enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit [KO:K11430 ] [EC:2.1.1.356 ]
85414 SLC45A3; solute carrier family 45 member 3 [KO:K15379 ]
Reference
Authors
Lee YS, Dutta A
Title
MicroRNAs in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Babashah S, Soleimani M
Title
The oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles of microRNAs in cancer and apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM
Title
MicroRNAs in Cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chen PS, Su JL, Hung MC
Title
Dysregulation of microRNAs in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ling H, Zhang W, Calin GA
Title
Principles of microRNA involvement in human cancers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Iorio MV, Croce CM
Title
MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sayed D, Abdellatif M
Title
MicroRNAs in development and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang Q, Wang S, Wang H, Li P, Ma Z
Title
MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prediction and treatment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song JH, Meltzer SJ
Title
MicroRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroesophageal cancers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chu Y, Zhu H, Lv L, Zhou Y, Huo J
Title
MiRNA s in oesophageal squamous cancer.
Journal
Neth J Med 71:69-75 (2013)
Reference
Authors
Kan T, Meltzer SJ
Title
MicroRNAs in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith CM, Watson DI, Michael MZ, Hussey DJ
Title
MicroRNAs, development of Barrett's esophagus, and progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song S, Ajani JA
Title
The role of microRNAs in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu WH, Yeh SH, Chen PJ
Title
Role of microRNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hrasovec S, Glavac D
Title
MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu H
Title
MicroRNAs in breast cancer initiation and progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li SD, Zhang JR, Wang YQ, Wan XP
Title
The role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zabolotneva AA, Zhavoronkov A, Garazha AV, Roumiantsev SA, Buzdin AA
Title
Characteristic patterns of microRNA expression in human bladder cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R
Title
Diet, microRNAs and prostate cancer.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway