Entry Name Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Description Peptidoglycan is a macromolecule made of long aminosugar strands cross-linked by short peptides. It forms the cell wall in bacteria surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane. The glycan strands are typically comprised of repeating N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) disaccharides. Each MurNAc is linked to a peptide of three to five amino acid residues. Disaccharide subunits are first assembled on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial membrane on a polyisoprenoid anchor (lipid I and II). Polymerization of disaccharide subunits by transglycosylases and cross-linking of glycan strands by transpeptidases occur on the other side of the membrane. Bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors form a major class of antibiotics.
Class Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Drug D00128 Bacitracin (JP18/USP/INN)
D00877 Cycloserine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00925 Fosfomycin tromethamine (USP)
D02187 Fosfomycin calcium hydrate (JP18)
D02188 Fosfomycin sodium (JP18)
D03047 Bacitracin methylenedisalicylate (USP)
D08885 Ceftobiprole (USAN/INN)
D08886 Ceftobiprole medocaril (USAN)
D09788 Enramycin hydrochloride (JAN)
Orthology K00790 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase [EC:2.5.1.7 ]
K01925 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.9 ]
K23169 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine---L-glutamate ligase [EC:6.3.2.53 ]
K23170 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate epimerase [EC:5.1.1.23 ]
K01928 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--2,6-diaminopimelate ligase [EC:6.3.2.13 ]
K01929 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.10 ]
K01000 phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase [EC:2.7.8.13 ]
K02563 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase [EC:2.4.1.227 ]
K03587 cell division protein FtsI (penicillin-binding protein 3) [EC:3.4.16.4 ]
K18149 penicillin-binding protein
K08724 penicillin-binding protein 2B
K08384 stage V sporulation protein D (sporulation-specific penicillin-binding protein)
K21465 penicillin-binding protein A
K21466 penicillin-binding protein H
K05364 penicillin-binding protein A
K07258 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5/6) [EC:3.4.16.4 ]
K07259 serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase/endopeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 4) [EC:3.4.16.4 3.4.21.-]
K05362 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate-L-lysine ligase [EC:6.3.2.7 ]
K23393 lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) [EC:6.3.5.13 ]
K07009 lipid II isoglutaminyl synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) [EC:6.3.5.13 ]
K11693 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the first glycine) [EC:2.3.2.16 ]
K11694 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the second and third glycine) [EC:2.3.2.17 ]
K11695 peptidoglycan pentaglycine glycine transferase (the fourth and fifth glycine) [EC:2.3.2.18 ]
K12552 penicillin-binding protein 1 [EC:3.4.-.-]
K12553 penicillin-binding protein 3 [EC:3.4.-.-]
K12554 alanine adding enzyme [EC:2.3.2.-]
K03693 penicillin-binding protein 1B
K00687 penicillin-binding protein 2B
K12556 penicillin-binding protein 2X
Compound C00043 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
C00448 trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C00692 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate
C01212 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
C04574 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C04631 UDP-N-acetyl-3-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine
C04702 UDPMurNAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)
C04851 MurAc(oyl-L-Ala-D-gamma-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphospho-undecaprenol
C04877 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate
C04882 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05892 UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysine
C05893 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05894 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05895 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)5-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05896 Crosslinked peptidoglycan
C05897 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C05898 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17541 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17542 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-(glycyl)3-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17549 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl-L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17550 Undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetylglucosamine)-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-(L-alanyl)-D-alanyl-D-alanine
C17556 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl phosphate
C17558 di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenol
C22053 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-L-glutamate
Reference Authors Bouhss A, Trunkfield AE, Bugg TD, Mengin-Lecreulx D
Title The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid-linked intermediates.
Journal Reference Authors Lloyd AJ, Gilbey AM, Blewett AM, De Pascale G, El Zoeiby A, Levesque RC, Catherwood AC, Tomasz A, Bugg TD, Roper DI, Dowson CG
Title Characterization of tRNA-dependent peptide bond formation by MurM in the synthesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae peptidoglycan.
Journal Reference Authors Barreteau H, Kovac A, Boniface A, Sova M, Gobec S, Blanot D
Title Cytoplasmic steps of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
Journal Reference Authors van Heijenoort J
Title Recent advances in the formation of the bacterial peptidoglycan monomer unit.
Journal Reference Authors van Heijenoort J
Title Formation of the glycan chains in the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan.
Journal Related ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
ko00900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
