KEGG ORTHOLOGY: K10775

ORTHOLOGY: K10775

Entry

K10775                      KO

Symbol

PAL

Name

phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC:4.3.1.24]

Pathway

map00360

Phenylalanine metabolism

map00940

Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis

map01100

Metabolic pathways

map01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Module

M00039

Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol

M00137

Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin

Reaction

R00697

L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)

Brite

KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:ko00001]
09100 Metabolism
  09105 Amino acid metabolism
   00360 Phenylalanine metabolism
    K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
  09110 Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
   00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
    K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Enzymes [BR:ko01000]
4. Lyases
  4.3  Carbon-nitrogen lyases
   4.3.1  Ammonia-lyases
    4.3.1.24  phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
     K10775  PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Other DBs

GO:

0045548

Genes

BTAB:

109033333 109040176

HRO:	HELRODRAFT_78004 HELRODRAFT_78007

MMER:

123546922 123547246 123547312

RPHI:

132719246 132739082

DPOL:

127844711

MAEA:

128237618 128238809 128239123 128239213

LAK:	106161379 106161381 106161385 106172274 106172288

DGT:

114527270

XEN:	124436761 124442698

OSA:	4330036 4330037 4330040(PAL06) 4336415 4338861 4351235 4352358

DOSA:

Os02g0626400 Os02g0626600 Os02g0627100 Os04g0518400 Os05g0427400 Os11g0708900 Os12g0520200

OBR:	102709455 102714183 102715460 102717957 102718239

OGL:	127754932 127756722 127761514 127763090 127764562 127772145 127774730

BDI:	100829928 100840340 100841149 100841454 100843583 100844192 100845653

ATS:	109736056 109750201 109750202 109750206 109750207 109752036 109752043 109758771 109758772 109758784 109758790 109760444 109764463 109764464 109767405 109777317

TUA:	125513870 125513871 125528418 125528663 125536554 125536720 125539132 125539133 125539134 125539135 125539136 125539137 125544157 125544164 125544174 125549968 125550027

HVG:	123401027 123404696 123425614 123425618 123425729 123425763 123425766 123425768 123425770 123425773 123427251 123427252 123427253 123427254

LPER:

127307029 127326489 127335611 127335613 127335616 127343773 127343774 127343775 127344933 127344934 127344936 139829733 139829915 139829917 139832800

SBI:	8054283 8062467 8066166 8066167 8066169 8066170

ZMA:	100273579 100281042 100281532 100285115 100381820 103627433 103655990 109943525

SITA:

101756700 101780720 101781123 101781518 101781925

SVS:	117836977 117857065 117857515 117862857 117865862

PVIR:

120642390 120656507 120656508 120656509 120683054 120709314 120709328

PHAI:

112873613 112881643 112881654 112881665 112890395 112899882

PAUA:

133888715 133919355 133919356 133921730 133921731 133921732 133924592

TANG:

140762241 140768907 140770427 140771369 140778224

CROT:

144547081 144547092 144562023 144575549

PDA:	103703950 103708643 103708669 103718264

EGU:	105033424 105035781 105041875 105054501 105055673

MUS:	103972164 103978140 103983874 104000863 135612719 135619233 135623111 135626494

ZOF:	121971250 121971251 121971253 121976421 121976422 121976423 121980934 121984822 121988754 121997687 122007921 122007922 122017157 122051562 122056089

DCT:	110113904 110115785

PEQ:	110024167 110031047

AOF:	109826061 109836321 109836322 109836343 109848011

WAU:	144700270(LOC144700270) 144711735(LOC144711735) 144712427(LOC144712427)

ATH:	AT2G37040(PAL1) AT3G10340(PAL4) AT3G53260(PAL2) AT5G04230(PAL3)

ALY:	9309209 9312266 9317554 9318728

CRB:	17885805 17889220 17892444

CSAT:

104711886 104745212 104761517 104781181 104782125 104785814 104791591 104792487

EUS:	EUTSA_v10010153mg EUTSA_v10016314mg EUTSA_v10020168mg

BRP:	103829920 103841251 103863433 103864245 103865574 103867229 103870475

BNA:	106352757 106371449 106371451 106382579 106388514 106389127 106391500 106398793 106452446 111197696 111207414 125575656 125585654 125609089

BOE:	106294585 106300639 106311920 106319945 106338875 106342153 106342166

RSZ:	108812387 108854852 108855076 108857697 108862526

THJ:	104805263 104806492 104816418 104823458

CPAP:

110807260 110811208 110824216

CIT:	102607860 102619342 102620173 102620464

CIC:	CICLE_v10011134mg CICLE_v10011175mg CICLE_v10027912mg CICLE_v10027913mg CICLE_v10030821mg

PVY:	116115347 116115436 116143896 116144389 116144452 116144459 116146747

MINC:

123192215 123193566 123201898 123206701 123206728 123209119 123224083 123224091 123225153 123228411

TCC:	18586419 18590901 18597973

GRA:	105761806 105761807 105768043 105773643 105776733 105786418 105799777

GHI:	107891138 107897711 107898808 107899351 107901087 107905303 107915817 107937172 107944640 107947805 107948312 121203612 121206206

GAB:	108453000 108453313 108459788 108467032 108470079 108472628

HSYR:

120115569 120129529 120129609 120129821 120144025 120156680 120173194 120176691 120180916 120201311 120201341 120213237 120214498 120214499

DZI:	111284826 111286787 111293967 111295400 111296231 111296683 111310322 111311841

EGR:	104421642 104421783 104438154 104454225 104454226 104454227 104454228 104454229 104454954 120289656 120290387

RARG:

115733757 115738205 115755135 115755319 115756321

GMX:	100302735(PAL2.1) 100787872(PAL3.1) 100787902(PAL1.3) 100788438(PAL1.2) 100801470(PAL2.4) 100803857(PAL2.3) 100811101(PAL1.1) 100818777(PAL2.2)

GSJ:	114371207 114371946 114382723 114399496 114402244 114403853 114407085 114407086

PVU:	137814458 137814459 137825574 137828483 137828852 137828859

VRA:	106755252 106764951 106772062 106772504 106778742

VAR:	108322393 108322394 108324009 108324188 108324227 108326061 108337955

VUN:	114165156 114184506 114191008 114192381 114194438

VUM:	124820676 124820899 124830268 124830269 124830270 124830276 124835178 124835449 124847222 124847223

CCAJ:

109793961 109796589 109799986 109810584 109814359

APRC:

113855949 113860764 113872443 113872534 113872797 113874937

MTR:	11414166 11429351 11434138 120576914 25487825 25499316 25499317

TPRA:

123892914 123892915 123892916 123907091 123919623 123923332

CAM:	101493062 101496077 101507594 101509831(PAL)

PSAT:

127092228 127098546 127117466 127117704 127125804 127125805 127125806 127126312 127132696 127132697

VVO:	131598457 131610247 131610248 131610251 131610252 131610845 131610846 131610847 131610848 131615625 131643745 131644608

LJA:	130717860 130718501 130720363 130723397 130730345 130730346 130730347 130730350 130730351 130730352 130732864 130742692 130748139

ADU:	107461690 107467923 107476298 107493496 107496075

AIP:	107608851 107617800 107626489 107648626

AHF:	112696529 112706813 112712613 112725678 112728963 112759199 112760446 112765227 112765954 112772494 112779615

LANG:

109325320 109328047 109331561 109347601 109348378 109353417 109356621

PCIN:

129300521 129304348 129306018 129313365 129315623 129318588

QSA:	O6P43_002699 O6P43_002701 O6P43_005025 O6P43_006656 O6P43_008636 O6P43_010286 O6P43_022448 O6P43_022449 O6P43_022450 O6P43_022453 O6P43_022454 O6P43_022455 O6P43_022456 O6P43_023692 O6P43_028391

FVE:	101292546 101315259

AANS:

126798359 126801787

RCN:	112179338 112182368 112191949

PPER:

PMUM:

PAVI:

PDUL:

MDM:	103419282 103430265 103440652 103450046

MSYL:

126593024(LOC126593024) 126617791(LOC126617791) 126619686(LOC126619686) 126628842(LOC126628842)

PXB:	103934948 103956742 103962533

PCOX:

137716085 137720677 137722472 137735186 137744127

ZJU:	107404213 107413687 107418573 107424108

MNT:	21384641 21407112 21407113 21407114 21407115 21409963

CSAV:

115706668 115709282 115709383 115709862 115710186 115710187 115711262 115711372

HLP:	133798602 133801588 133801590 133801591 133801593 133801594 133801595 133801598 133801599 133801601 133831103 133831105 133831107

CSV:	101203846(PAL) 101204574 101205510 101206890 101217907 101218144 101218156 101218382 101218617 101218856 101219091 101222092 116401606

CMO:	103491170 103491171 103491172 103491175 103491176 103491177 103492351 103494628 103494629 103494630 103496433 103501962

BHJ:	120071314 120072681 120072682 120072683 120073092 120073093 120073360 120074265 120074610 120074945 120088009

MCHA:

111010268 111011135 111013592 111013637 111013639 111013649 111013660 111013676 111016602 111021691 111021692 111021693 111024306

CMAX:

111466447 111471134 111471135 111471136 111471137 111471138 111471139 111471140 111477962 111477963 111483977 111485128

CMOS:

111433131 111433140 111433142 111449086 111449646 111461649 111463060 111463284 111463285 111463286 111463287 111463288 111463344 111463389 111463390 111463391

CPEP:

111777486 111780357 111780949 111780982 111781009 111781011 111781012 111782232 111782234 111785821 111801921 111803746 111803833 111803837

RCU:	8264881 8272514 8272515 8273543 8284514

MEAN:

126660628 126667577 126677617

JCU:	105637929 105642230 105642233 105650921

HBR:	110642341 110650000 110653783 110655301 110659945 110667843 110668141

MESC:

110603555 110613960 110619505 110620815 110622267 110625014

POP:	18100180 7463441 7479878 7486485

PEU:	105115311 105130758 105137114 105137115 105142552

PALZ:

118045919 118048308 118052332 118060001 118060002

PNZ:	133677693 133690046 133695775 133695951 133704474

JRE:	108988497 108995854 108997102 109008959 109009407 109017562 109021248 118349603 118349731

CILL:

122276709 122289177 122301292 122307886 122307887 122307888

CAVE:

132164899 132165223 132166394 132166395 132166396 132166427 132166707 132166803 132186144 132186162 132186175 132187588 132191837

AGLU:

133857119 133857669 133857919 133858076 133858169 133863558 133864389 133872522

QSU:	112009271 112023493 112025299 112025332

QLO:	115952784 115953247 115955447 115973405 115973406 115976049 115976061

CSAA:

142611026 142611028 142611029 142611319 142618976 142640712

TWL:	119988554 119989362 119991195 119998706 120005523 120013902

VVI:	100233012 100240904 100241377 100241575 100245997(PAL) 100251137 100252889 100255939 100256293 100263160 100266224 100266593 100853659 100855356

VRI:	117915571 117920417 117925483 117925495 117928585 117932190 117932191 117932192 117932448 117933071 117933074 117933075 117933076

SLY:	101243631 101243656 101243922(PAL3) 101244220(PAL5) 101246969 101249824(PAL2) 101253989 101261892 112941051 138337110 138339114 138347807

SPEN:

107002228 107013137 107014419 107020424 107030967 107031255 107031390 107032649

SOT:	102582618 102585026 102585357 102587888 102595248 102596017(PAL) 102596343 102596891 102597781 102605661 107057661

SSTN:

125845819 125857497 125859798 125863624 125864552 125864554 125866946 125870205 125871461 125871462

SDUL:

129875908 129877809 129881153

SVER:

125810368 125810369 125810370 125810371 125819481 125823576 125823604 125823613 125827432 125831167 125831187 125838920 125838922

CANN:

107843092 107854291 107863937 107871487

LBB:	132606885 132630037 132630038 132640013

NTA:	107761482 107769293 107786762 107792668 107802063 107820497 107831213

NSY:	104212402 104218178 104230518 104241192

NTO:	104092690 104100767 104116279 104119303

NAU:	109209019 109212354 109231224 109233353

INI:	109148785 109148795 109148804 109148811 109181625 109187876 109192698

ITR:	116006484 116008405 116022516 116028398 116028538 116030458

SIND:

105161317 105161378 105174307

OEU:	111399604 111402181 111403111

EGT:	105955553 105956685 105961230

SSPL:

121748231 121748279 121787281 121792223 121795447 121799006

SMIL:

130997735 130997738 131014843 131020540

SHIS:

125204027 125213447 125219905

APAN:

127250896 127251261 127252199

HPUM:

140863394 140863742 140879896 140886492

PHUA:

140959038 140974012 140977254 140986046 140986054 140991611

PEBU:

140804257 140817669 140823229 140839823 140842558

PTAB:

142526583 142526592 142528974 142537504 142540181 142548528

CARB:

113695918 113697579 113707625 113725793 113725801 113727571 140008287

HAN:	110868345 110877696 110898342 110898343 110898344 110904470 110924687 110924718 110925465

BHW:	143533214 143550543 143550544 143550619 143553719 143582647 143586924 143586925 143599403 143607119 143618959 143618960 143618961 143618962 143618963 143626884 143626885 143626886

ECAD:

122586736 122602813 122602814 122602815 122604858

LSV:	111893052(LOC111893052) 111894107(LOC111894107) 111915057(LOC111915057) 111916376(LOC111916376) 111916377(LOC111916377)

CCAV:

112508463(LOC112508463) 112511516(LOC112511516) 112512533(LOC112512533) 112521371(LOC112521371) 112521561(LOC112521561)

DCR:	108217754 108223317 108224761 108227736

AGRV:

141666747 141690290 141708987 141713578 141724560

CSIN:

114262497 114269233 114273057 114302746 114308066 114309513

RVL:	131314929 131318698 131324739

AEW:	130753481 130753571 130764547 130767957 130770795 130771720 130795441

DLT:	127788884 127789895 127797946

CFLO:

132269586 132275970 132306188 132311923 132313035

BVG:	104898673(LOC104898673)

SOE:

110796050

CQI:	110697690 110724960

CALB:

145570515(LOC145570515) 145618597(LOC145618597) 145623902(LOC145623902)

ATRI:

130812846 130827609

SLAF:

141592157 141599967 141647664

MOF:	131147872 131165388 131167927 131167930

NNU:	104589393 104595050 104600622 104601277

MING:

122058157 122061512 122061513 122061804 122069916 122081057 122086992

TSS:	122646812 122647453 122652028 122664470

PSOM:

113294591 113298633 113310130 113310719 113328160 113338846

MSIN:

131220948 131220950 131220951 131220952 131227149 131236916 131240365 131245919

ACAK:

137944981 137950575 137950583 137956630 137959631 137961862 137962280

NCOL:

116252865 116260476 116263014 116265747 116267544

ATR:	18439368 18439369 18439372 18443160 18995827

CJF:	131039416 131051385 131062655 131065056 131067796 131067797 131069178 131069179 131076342 131077153 131077155 131078832

SMO:	SELMODRAFT_450474(PAL1-1) SELMODRAFT_450478(PAL1-2) SELMODRAFT_450479(PAL2-1) SELMODRAFT_450480(PAL3-1) SELMODRAFT_450481(PAL4-1) SELMODRAFT_450482(PAL2-2) SELMODRAFT_450483(PAL3-2a) SELMODRAFT_450484(PAL3-2b) SELMODRAFT_450485(PAL4-2)

PPP:	112273833 112273834 112276937 112277636 112278877 112285521 112286715 112287672 112290398 112290843 112291346 112295966

NCR:

NCU09391

NTE:	NEUTE1DRAFT85424(NEUTE1DRAFT_85424)

SMP:	10806096(SMAC4_05651) 10807808(SMAC4_01196)

PAN:	PODANSg1143

PBEL:

PPSD:

PPSP:

PPSA:

TTT:	THITE_2117925

CTHR:

MGR:

PPEI:

PGRI:

SSCK:

FGR:	FGSG_09311

FPU:	FPSE_09706

FVR:	FVEG_03798 FVEG_10552

FOX:	FOXG_05927 FOXG_11971

NHE:	NECHADRAFT_76812

FFC:	NCS54_00299300

FKR:	NCS57_00294500

FMU:	J7337_003806 J7337_013105

TATV:

25779096(TrAtP1_002676)

MAW:	19250313(J3458_020783)

MAJ:	MAA_05249 MAA_09147

MBRN:

26237386(PAL1_0) 26243091(cctP_3) 26245029(cctP_0) 26247838(cctP_1)

AMUS:

LMH87_012248

PLJ:	28886167(PLICBS_007659) 28886669(PLICBS_002002)

PTKZ:

JDV02_004488

DCON:

63719693(DCS_07050)

VAL:	VDBG_06765 VDBG_08166

VDA:	VDAG_05831 VDAG_10058

CFJ:	CFIO01_05132 CFIO01_12530

CLUP:

CLUP02_06377 CLUP02_16442

CHIG:

CH63R_14109

CDET:

87947683(CDEST_11183) 87951698(CDEST_15198)

ELA:	UCREL1_5223 UCREL1_6869

PFY:	PFICI_01582

BFU:	BCIN_01g10160

PSCO:

LY89DRAFT_585054

ANI:	ANIA_06075

AFM:	AFUA_2G09110

ACT:	ACLA_080920

NFI:	NFIA_084640

AOR:	AO090005000532 AO090011000788 AO090026000586 AO090701000601

ANG:	An04g04370 An08g07740 An13g02640

AFV:	AFLA_003340 AFLA_005128 AFLA_008180

ALUC:

AKAW2_50697S AKAW2_51436S AKAW2_51617S

ACHE:

ACHE_10063S

APUU:

APUU_20319A

PCS:	N7525_011080

POU:	POX_c04347 POX_g09079

PPSF:

300788607(PFLUO_LOCUS2939) 300796026(PFLUO_LOCUS9617)

TMF:	EYB26_001823 EYB26_006196

TRG:	TRUGW13939_02554 TRUGW13939_04868 TRUGW13939_05485 TRUGW13939_08765 TRUGW13939_09869

URE:	UREG_04219

PNO:	SNOG_08528 SNOG_09914 SNOG_16362

PTE:

PTT_11854

BZE:	COCCADRAFT_10166

CBET:

CB0940_00840

BCOM:

BAUCODRAFT_361906

NPA:	UCRNP2_2780

TASA:

A1Q1_00389

CCAC:

CcaHIS019_0207040(CcaverHIS019_0207040)

TVS:	TRAVEDRAFT_173713

DSQ:	DICSQDRAFT_52356 DICSQDRAFT_92085

PCO:	PHACADRAFT_130223 PHACADRAFT_213633 PHACADRAFT_213640 PHACADRAFT_213646 PHACADRAFT_259798

SHS:	STEHIDRAFT_142351 STEHIDRAFT_160287 STEHIDRAFT_61084

HIR:	HETIRDRAFT_423519 HETIRDRAFT_481650 HETIRDRAFT_66536

PSQ:	PUNSTDRAFT_49445

ADL:	AURDEDRAFT_113627 AURDEDRAFT_115168 AURDEDRAFT_117508 AURDEDRAFT_73911

FME:	FOMMEDRAFT_101488

GTR:	GLOTRDRAFT_42132

LBC:	LACBIDRAFT_184628 LACBIDRAFT_291120

CCI:	CC1G_06838 CC1G_14161

ABP:	AGABI1DRAFT112726(AGABI1DRAFT_112726) AGABI1DRAFT112810(AGABI1DRAFT_112810)

ABV:	AGABI2DRAFT192690(PAL2) AGABI2DRAFT192776(PAL1)

PCUB:

JR316_0002356 JR316_0002394

MPR:	MPER_03924

MRR:	Moror_10348 Moror_6316

66069604(STR11_1) 66079152(STR11_2)

SCM:	SCHCO_02368049(SCHCODRAFT_02368049) SCHCO_02631394(SCHCODRAFT_02631394)

CPUT:

CONPUDRAFT_125534

SLA:	SERLADRAFT_416426(pal1) SERLADRAFT_418655 SERLADRAFT_447477

UMA:	UMAG_00078 UMAG_06509

PFP:	PFL1_00351

SGRA:

EX895_000098

PGR:	PGTG_10006 PGTG_12283

PTRC:

PtA15_11A447 PtA15_4A275

PSTR:

Pst134EA_011368 Pst134EA_017483 Pst134EA_032475

MLR:	MELLADRAFT_44072 MELLADRAFT_49604

YEN:

YE3021

YEP:	YE105_C1215

YEY:

Y11_19441

YEW:

CH47_2390

YET:

CH48_2792

YEF:	FORC2_3006

YEE:	YE5303_34601

PLU:

plu2234

PLUM:

A4R40_11195

PAY:

PAU_02187

PTT:	VY86_19920

PLUI:

CE143_11425

XBU:	HGO23_10050

ASIP:

AQUSIP_25040(cmdF)

LCJ:	NCTC11976_00157(cmdF)

NCO:	AAW31_07190

MET:

M446_0175

DVR:	Dvar_45980

DLI:

dnl_24100

PBS:	Plabr_3153

GAW:	V144x_41120(hutH)

MELY:

L2X98_24770

MHAI:

OHB01_33070

LXR:	ACRSBM_16925 ACRSBM_18360

ACTL:

L3i22_034130

DVC:	Dvina_38800

RXY:

Rxyl_1739

NPU:	Npun_R2068

NOST:

GJB62_17235

AVA:

Ava_3988

ANN:	EH233_03570

HBQ:	QI031_01365

RIV:	Riv7116_3074

CTHE:

Chro_0712

GLP:	Glo7428_1326

GDU:	P0S91_24645

SCS:	Sta7437_0219

STAN:

STA3757_22250

HAU:	Haur_1883 Haur_2406

AG:	CAA57056(PAL2) CAA57057(PAL3) CAA68938(PAL1)

» show all

Reference

PMID:15276452

Authors

Cochrane FC, Davin LB, Lewis NG

Title

The Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family: kinetic characterization of the four PAL isoforms.

Journal

Phytochemistry 65:1557-64 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.006

Sequence

[ath:AT2G37040 AT3G53260 AT5G04230 AT3G10340]

Reference

PMID:17185227

Authors

Watts KT, Mijts BN, Lee PC, Manning AJ, Schmidt-Dannert C

Title

Discovery of a substrate selectivity switch in tyrosine ammonia-lyase, a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family.

Journal

Chem Biol 13:1317-26 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.10.008

Sequence

[npu:Npun_R2068]

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Ontology (1)   
   GO (1)   
Gene (249)   
   MGENES (107)   
   RefGene (126)   
   OC (16)   
All databases (250)   

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