KEGG PATHWAY: map00563

PATHWAY: map00563

Entry

map00563                    Pathway

Name

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis

Description

Cell surface proteins can be attached to the cell membrane via the glycolipid structure called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Hundreds of GPI-anchored proteins have been identified in many eukaryotes ranging from protozoa and fungi to mammals. All protein-linked GPI anchors share a common core structure, characterized by the substructure Man (a1-4) GlcN (a1-6) myo-inositol-1P-lipid. Biosynthesis of GPI anchors proceeds in three stages: (i) preassembly of a GPI precursor in the ER membrane, (ii) attachment of the GPI to the C-terminus of a newly synthesized protein in the lumen of the ER, and (iii) lipid remodeling and/or carbohydrate side-chain modifications in the ER and the Golgi. Defects of GPI anchor biosynthesis gene result in a genetic disorder, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Class

Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism

Pathway map

map00563

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis

Module

M00065

GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:map00563]

M00983

GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:map00563]

Other DBs

GO:

0006506

Reference

PMID:12655644

Authors

Eisenhaber B, Maurer-Stroh S, Novatchkova M, Schneider G, Eisenhaber F.

Title

Enzymes and auxiliary factors for GPI lipid anchor biosynthesis and post-translational transfer to proteins.

Journal

Bioessays 25:367-85 (2003)
DOI:10.1002/bies.10254

Reference

PMID:11102867

Authors

Kinoshita T, Inoue N.

Title

Dissecting and manipulating the pathway for glycosylphos-phatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.

Journal

Curr Opin Chem Biol 4:632-8 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00151-4

Reference

PMID:8253761

Authors

Fankhauser C, Homans SW, Thomas-Oates JE, McConville MJ, Desponds C, Conzelmann A, Ferguson MA.

Title

Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Journal

J Biol Chem 268:26365-74 (1993)

Reference

PMID:14517336

Authors

Murakami Y, Siripanyapinyo U, Hong Y, Kang JY, Ishihara S, Nakakuma H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

PIG-W is critical for inositol acylation but not for flipping of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor.

Journal

Mol Biol Cell 14:4285-95 (2003)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.E03-03-0193

Reference

PMID:10329735

Authors

Benachour A, Sipos G, Flury I, Reggiori F, Canivenc-Gansel E, Vionnet C, Conzelmann A, Benghezal M.

Title

Deletion of GPI7, a yeast gene required for addition of a side chain to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure, affects GPI protein transport, remodeling, and cell wall integrity.

Journal

J Biol Chem 274:15251-61 (1999)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.21.15251

Reference

PMID:14734546

Authors

Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Tashima Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p.

Journal

J Biol Chem 279:14256-63 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M313755200

Reference

PMID:12802054

Authors

Hong Y, Ohishi K, Kang JY, Tanaka S, Inoue N, Nishimura J, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

Human PIG-U and yeast Cdc91p are the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins.

Journal

Mol Biol Cell 14:1780-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.E02-12-0794

Reference

PMID:12807000

Authors

Tanaka S, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

[Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins]

Journal

Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 48:990-6 (2003)

Reference

PMID:15623507

Authors

Kang JY, Hong Y, Ashida H, Shishioh N, Murakami Y, Morita YS, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

PIG-V involved in transferring the second mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol.

Journal

J Biol Chem 280:9489-97 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M413867200

Reference

PMID:15635094

Authors

Ashida H, Hong Y, Murakami Y, Shishioh N, Sugimoto N, Kim YU, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T.

Title

Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I.

Journal

Mol Biol Cell 16:1439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.E04-09-0802

Reference

PMID:24364251

Authors

Fujita M

Title

[Biosynthesis and remodeling of GPI-anchored proteins].

Journal

Seikagaku 85:985-95 (2013)

Reference

PMID:25509331

Authors

Kinoshita T

Title

[Biochemistry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins].

Journal

Seikagaku 86:626-36 (2014)

Reference

PMID:19837036

Authors

Fujita M, Maeda Y, Ra M, Yamaguchi Y, Taguchi R, Kinoshita T

Title

GPI glycan remodeling by PGAP5 regulates transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi.

Journal

Cell 139:352-65 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.040

Reference

PMID:26563290

Authors

Kinoshita T, Fujita M

Title

Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: special emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling.

Journal

J Lipid Res 57:6-24 (2016)
DOI:10.1194/jlr.R063313

Reference

PMID:33112703

Authors

Yang G, Banfield DK.

Title

Cdc1p is a Golgi-localized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein remodelase.

Journal

Mol Biol Cell 31:2883-2891 (2020)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.E20-08-0539

Reference

PMID:32156170

Authors

Kinoshita T.

Title

Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins.

Journal

Open Biol 10:190290 (2020)
DOI:10.1098/rsob.190290

Related
pathway

map00510

N-Glycan biosynthesis

map00564

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

KO pathway

ko00563

All links

Pathway (2)   
   KEGG MODULE (2)   
Chemical substance (45)   
   KEGG COMPOUND (16)   
   KEGG GLYCAN (29)   
Chemical reaction (28)   
   KEGG ENZYME (4)   
   KEGG REACTION (24)   
Gene (23792)   
   KEGG ORTHOLOGY (35)   
   RefGene (23757)   
Literature (16)   
   PubMed (16)   
All databases (23883)   

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