Entry
Name
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection - Capra hircus (goat)
Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) , the causative agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family. The primary cell surface receptor for HIV-1, the CD4 protein, and the co-receptor for HIV-1, either CCR5 or CXCR4, are found on macrophages and T lymphocytes. At the earliest step, sequential binding of virus envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 to CD4 and the co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 facilitates HIV-1 entry and has the potential to trigger critical signaling that may favor viral replication. At advanced stages of the disease, HIV-1 infection results in dramatic induction of T-cell (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell) apoptosis both in infected and uninfected bystander T cells, a hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis. On the contrary, macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
chx05170 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Capra hircus (goat) [GN:
chx ]
Gene
102187079 FBXW11; F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03362 ]
102184871 BTRC; F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03362 ]
100860765 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
102185804 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
108635583 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
102186145 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
102185042 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102168391 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102177551 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102179343 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
102170135 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
102188710 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
102175660 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
102189950 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
102177328 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
102181878 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102188092 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
102187248 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
102176770 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102179767 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102184033 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102188180 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
102180958 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
102184725 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
102187070 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
102169841 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
102191178 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
102174574 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
102189312 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07826 ]
102184123 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
102170665 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
102190485 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
102183232 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
102189040 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
106502450 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
102186081 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
102175543 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
102190190 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X2 [KO:K04547 ]
102185427 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
102190164 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
102173438 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
102178569 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
102191447 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B [KO:K05141 ]
102174883 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729 ]
102185161 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
102187405 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
102184324 DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C isoform X1 [KO:K18750 ] [EC:3.5.4.-]
106502146 DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform X1 [KO:K18750 ] [EC:3.5.4.-]
102178551 SAMHD1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 isoform X1 [KO:K22544 ] [EC:3.1.5.-]
102190310 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
102180248 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
102178753 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
102180451 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 precursor [KO:K04390 ]
102173900 CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
102172138 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102180584 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102188814 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
102181202 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 [KO:K06751 ]
108633459 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
108633460 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
102183314 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
102176782 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102170045 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
102168905 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7 [KO:K06751 ]
102169753 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
102185917 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102181347 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
108633505 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102175817 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like [KO:K06751 ]
102171703 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102175351 TCEB2; transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 2 [KO:K03873 ]
102182517 TCEB1; transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 1 [KO:K03872 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Evans VA, Khoury G, Saleh S, Cameron PU, Lewin SR
Title
HIV persistence: chemokines and their signalling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
Plasma membrane signaling in HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wu Y, Yoder A
Title
Chemokine coreceptor signaling in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Choi WT, Duggineni S, Xu Y, Huang Z, An J
Title
Drug discovery research targeting the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vorster PJ, Guo J, Yoder A, Wang W, Zheng Y, Xu X, Yu D, Spear M, Wu Y
Title
LIM kinase 1 modulates cortical actin and CXCR4 cycling and is activated by HIV-1 to initiate viral infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Das SR, Jameel S
Title
Biology of the HIV Nef protein.
Journal
Indian J Med Res 121:315-32 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Roy N, Pacini G, Berlioz-Torrent C, Janvier K
Title
Mechanisms underlying HIV-1 Vpu-mediated viral egress.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Magadan JG, Bonifacino JS
Title
Transmembrane domain determinants of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Vpu.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kumar A, Herbein G
Title
The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yokota S, Okabayashi T, Fujii N
Title
The battle between virus and host: modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways by virus infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sauter D, Kirchhoff F
Title
HIV replication: a game of hide and sense.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Altfeld M, Gale M Jr
Title
Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Herbein G
Title
Targeting TNF and TNF Receptor Pathway in HIV-1 Infection: from Immune Activation to Viral Reservoirs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Herbein G, Khan KA
Title
Is HIV infection a TNF receptor signalling-driven disease?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kumar A, Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
TNF and TNF receptor superfamily members in HIV infection: new cellular targets for therapy?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abbas W, Herbein G
Title
T-Cell Signaling in HIV-1 Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cummins NW, Badley AD
Title
Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis: 2010.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gougeon ML
Title
Apoptosis as an HIV strategy to escape immune attack.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fevrier M, Dorgham K, Rebollo A
Title
CD4+ T cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: role of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ross TM
Title
Using death to one's advantage: HIV modulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hurley JH, Bonifacino JS
Title
Nef-arious goings-on at the Golgi.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wonderlich ER, Leonard JA, Collins KL
Title
HIV immune evasion disruption of antigen presentation by the HIV Nef protein.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Laguette N, Bregnard C, Benichou S, Basmaciogullari S
Title
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Nef proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pereira EA, daSilva LL
Title
HIV-1 Nef: Taking Control of Protein Trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sugden SM, Bego MG, Pham TN, Cohen EA
Title
Remodeling of the Host Cell Plasma Membrane by HIV-1 Nef and Vpu: A Strategy to Ensure Viral Fitness and Persistence.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bagga S, Bouchard MJ
Title
Cell cycle regulation during viral infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Andersen JL, Planelles V
Title
The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Andersen JL, DeHart JL, Zimmerman ES, Ardon O, Kim B, Jacquot G, Benichou S, Planelles V
Title
HIV-1 Vpr-induced apoptosis is cell cycle dependent and requires Bax but not ANT.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Takaori-Kondo A, Shindo K
Title
HIV-1 Vif: a guardian of the virus that opens up a new era in the research field of restriction factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Malim MH
Title
APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hultquist JF, Lengyel JA, Refsland EW, LaRue RS, Lackey L, Brown WL, Harris RS
Title
Human and rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H demonstrate a conserved capacity to restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1.
Journal
Related pathway
chx04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
chx04612 Antigen processing and presentation
chx04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
chx04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway