KEGG   PATHWAY: dya04624
Entry
dya04624                    Pathway                                
Name
Toll and Imd signaling pathway - Drosophila yakuba
Description
Insects, such as Drosophila, have evolved complex mechanisms to combat microbial infection. TOLL and IMD pathways are responsible for the immune response that functions through the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The TOLL pathway mainly detects fungi, Gram-positive bacteria and virulence factors (proteases et al.). Activation of the TOLL pathway results in degradation of Cactus and localization of Dorsal and Dif to the nucleus. On the other hand, the IMD pathway responses to Gram-negative bacteria and leads to the activation of Relish. Dorsal, Dif and Relish induce the transcriptional up-regulation of AMPs in the nucleus.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
dya04624  Toll and Imd signaling pathway
dya04624

Organism
Drosophila yakuba [GN:dya]
Gene
Dyak_GE20789  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20692]
Dyak_GE19965  Dyak_GNBP1; GNBP1 [KO:K20697]
Dyak_GE15944  Dyak_PGRP-SA; PGRP-SA [KO:K01446]
Dyak_GE19222  uncharacterized protein [KO:K01446]
Dyak_GE19223  uncharacterized protein [KO:K01446]
Dyak_GE19221  uncharacterized protein [KO:K01446]
Dyak_GE26132  uncharacterized protein, isoform C [KO:K20674] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE23721  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K20673] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE20410  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20693] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE17443  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20675]
Dyak_GE15650  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20676] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE24169  Dyak_nec; nec [KO:K20698]
Dyak_GE10382  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20672] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE10383  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20672] [EC:3.4.21.-]
Dyak_GE10592  Dyak_spz; spz, isoform J [KO:K20694]
Dyak_GE21683  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20694]
Dyak_GE23693  Dyak_Tl; Tl [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE18657  Dyak_Tehao; tehao [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE22235  uncharacterized protein [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE22231  uncharacterized protein [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE12336  uncharacterized protein [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE12083  uncharacterized protein [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE12089  Dyak_18w; 18w [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE10610  uncharacterized protein [KO:K18809]
Dyak_GE22390  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04729]
Dyak_GE25413  Dyak_tub; tub [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dyak_GE10573  Dyak_pll; pll [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Dyak_GE19366  Dyak_cact; cact [KO:K04734]
Dyak_GE13138  Dyak_Dif; Dif, isoform A [KO:K09254]
Dyak_GE13136  Dyak_dl; dl, isoform A [KO:K09254]
Dyak_GE25013  uncharacterized protein [KO:K03362]
Dyak_GE21830  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20668]
Dyak_GE28490  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE27735  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE27424  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE28242  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE28215  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE28854  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20695]
Dyak_GE13764  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20702]
Dyak_GE21361  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE21353  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE20688  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE21352  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE20689  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE21355  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20670]
Dyak_GE23398  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20696]
Dyak_GE10866  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20696]
Dyak_GE29145  uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K20696]
Dyak_GE10867  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20696]
Dyak_GE21635  Dyak_PGRP-SD; PGRP-SD [KO:K24097]
Dyak_GE24618  uncharacterized protein, isoform C [KO:K24076] [EC:3.5.1.28]
Dyak_GE22193  uncharacterized protein [KO:K24096] [EC:3.5.1.28]
Dyak_GE19871  uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K24096] [EC:3.5.1.28]
Dyak_GE20817  Dyak_PGRP-LA; PGRP-LA, isoform B [KO:K24092]
Dyak_GE21510  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K24093]
Dyak_GE16017  uncharacterized protein [KO:K24074]
Dyak_GE20818  uncharacterized protein, isoform C [KO:K24075]
Dyak_GE20821  uncharacterized protein [KO:K24077]
Dyak_GE13689  uncharacterized protein [KO:K20701]
Dyak_GE26430  Dyak_eff; eff [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Dyak_GE20679  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K06689] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Dyak_GE14118  Dyak_Iap2; Iap2 [KO:K16060]
Dyak_GE20564  Dyak_Uev1A; Uev1A [KO:K10704]
Dyak_GE17114  uncharacterized protein [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Dyak_GE24917  uncharacterized protein [KO:K10580] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Dyak_GE13913  Dyak_imd; imd [KO:K20699]
Dyak_GE10264  uncharacterized protein [KO:K02373]
Dyak_GE16575  Dyak_Dredd; dredd [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
Dyak_GE15342  Dyak_Tak1; Tak1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Dyak_GE12037  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K04404]
Dyak_GE25175  uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K04428] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Dyak_GE17041  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
Dyak_GE18678  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dyak_GE10824  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dyak_GE10825  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dyak_GE14449  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04450]
Dyak_GE15013  uncharacterized protein [KO:K13411] [EC:1.6.3.1 1.11.1.-]
Dyak_GE16180  uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
Dyak_GE26274  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Dyak_GE19337  uncharacterized protein [KO:K04448]
Dyak_GE23884  uncharacterized protein, isoform B [KO:K09031]
Dyak_GE11413  Dyak_key; key, isoform A [KO:K20700]
Dyak_GE26340  Dyak_ird5; ird5 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
Dyak_GE20395  uncharacterized protein, isoform I [KO:K09255]
Dyak_GE14529  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K09255]
Dyak_GE24800  Dyak_Rel; Rel [KO:K02580]
Dyak_GE14103  uncharacterized protein, isoform A [KO:K20703]
Dyak_GE12007  Dyak_Dpt; Dpt [KO:K20669]
Dyak_GE12008  Dyak_DptB; DptB [KO:K20669]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
Reference
PMID:22824741
  Authors
Merkling SH, van Rij RP
  Title
Beyond RNAi: antiviral defense strategies in Drosophila and mosquito.
  Journal
J Insect Physiol 59:159-70 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.07.004
Reference
PMID:21209287
  Authors
Valanne S, Wang JH, Ramet M
  Title
The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway.
  Journal
J Immunol 186:649-56 (2011)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1002302
Reference
PMID:21625362
  Authors
Silverman N, Paquette N, Aggarwal K
  Title
Specificity and signaling in the Drosophila immune response.
  Journal
Invertebrate Surviv J 6:163-174 (2009)
Reference
PMID:22076558
  Authors
Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R
  Title
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and inflammation.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 11:837-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nri3089
Reference
PMID:25421701
  Authors
Buchon N, Silverman N, Cherry S
  Title
Immunity in Drosophila melanogaster--from microbial recognition to whole-organism physiology.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 14:796-810 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nri3763
Reference
PMID:17948019
  Authors
Ferrandon D, Imler JL, Hetru C, Hoffmann JA
  Title
The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:862-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2194
Reference
PMID:25674081
  Authors
Stokes BA, Yadav S, Shokal U, Smith LC, Eleftherianos I
  Title
Bacterial and fungal pattern recognition receptors in homologous innate signaling pathways of insects and mammals.
  Journal
Front Microbiol 6:19 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00019
Reference
PMID:22368770
  Authors
Igboin CO, Griffen AL, Leys EJ
  Title
The Drosophila melanogaster host model.
  Journal
J Oral Microbiol 4:JOM-4-10368 (2012)
DOI:10.3402/jom.v4i0.10368
Reference
PMID:23893105
  Authors
Buchon N, Broderick NA, Lemaitre B
  Title
Gut homeostasis in a microbial world: insights from Drosophila melanogaster.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 11:615-26 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro3074
Reference
PMID:26290570
  Authors
Handu M, Kaduskar B, Ravindranathan R, Soory A, Giri R, Elango VB, Gowda H, Ratnaparkhi GS
  Title
SUMO-Enriched Proteome for Drosophila Innate Immune Response.
  Journal
G3 (Bethesda) 5:2137-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1534/g3.115.020958
Reference
PMID:23632253
  Authors
Lindsay SA, Wasserman SA
  Title
Conventional and non-conventional Drosophila Toll signaling.
  Journal
Dev Comp Immunol 42:16-24 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.011
Reference
PMID:22549468
  Authors
Meinander A, Runchel C, Tenev T, Chen L, Kim CH, Ribeiro PS, Broemer M, Leulier F, Zvelebil M, Silverman N, Meier P
  Title
Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling.
  Journal
EMBO J 31:2770-83 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/emboj.2012.121
Reference
PMID:24706930
  Authors
Myllymaki H, Valanne S, Ramet M
  Title
The Drosophila imd signaling pathway.
  Journal
J Immunol 192:3455-62 (2014)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1303309
Reference
PMID:17343912
  Authors
Valanne S, Kleino A, Myllymaki H, Vuoristo J, Ramet M
  Title
Iap2 is required for a sustained response in the Drosophila Imd pathway.
  Journal
Dev Comp Immunol 31:991-1001 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2007.01.004
Reference
PMID:15556270
  Authors
Levy F, Rabel D, Charlet M, Bulet P, Hoffmann JA, Ehret-Sabatier L
  Title
Peptidomic and proteomic analyses of the systemic immune response of Drosophila.
  Journal
Biochimie 86:607-16 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.07.007
Reference
PMID:27851910
  Authors
Iatsenko I, Kondo S, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B
  Title
PGRP-SD, an Extracellular Pattern-Recognition Receptor, Enhances Peptidoglycan-Mediated Activation of the Drosophila Imd Pathway.
  Journal
Immunity 45:1013-1023 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.029
Reference
PMID:21364998
  Authors
Zaidman-Remy A, Poidevin M, Herve M, Welchman DP, Paredes JC, Fahlander C, Steiner H, Mengin-Lecreulx D, Lemaitre B
  Title
Drosophila immunity: analysis of PGRP-SB1 expression, enzymatic activity and function.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e17231 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0017231
Reference
PMID:29398649
  Authors
Charroux B, Capo F, Kurz CL, Peslier S, Chaduli D, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Royet J
  Title
Cytosolic and Secreted Peptidoglycan-Degrading Enzymes in Drosophila Respectively Control Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Microbiota.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 23:215-228.e4 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.007
Reference
PMID:26385528
  Authors
Koyama H, Kato D, Minakuchi C, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Miura K
  Title
Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and their roles in the innate immune pathways of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.
  Journal
J Invertebr Pathol 132:86-100 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.003
Related
pathway
dya04013  MAPK signaling pathway - fly
dya04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
dya04214  Apoptosis - fly
KO pathway
ko04624   

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Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (89)   
   KEGG GENES (89)   
All databases (90)   

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