KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04932
Entry
hsa04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
hsa04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
hsa04932

Disease
H01333  Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Drug
D10988  Selonsertib (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11208  Elafibranor (USAN)
D11257  Seladelpar lysine (USAN)
D13044  Saroglitazar (USAN/INN)
D13045  Saroglitazar magnesium (USAN)
D13335  Lanifibranor (USAN/INN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
10000  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10018  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 1 [KO:K16341]
100532726  NDUFC2-KCTD14; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2, isoform 2 isoform 2 [KO:K03968]
10062  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform 1 [KO:K08536]
1050  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha isoform a [KO:K09055]
107984365  [KO:K03948]
10975  UQCR11; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
110117499  P3R3URF-PIK3R3; LOC110117498-PIK3R3 readthrough [KO:K02649]
125965  COX6B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
126328  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform 1 [KO:K03956]
1327  COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K02263]
1329  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02265]
1337  COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
1339  COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266]
1340  COX6B1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
1345  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
1346  COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270]
1347  COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
1349  COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02271]
1350  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02272]
1351  COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
1432  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform 2 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1537  CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00413]
1571  CYP2E1; cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
1649  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 2 [KO:K04452]
170712  COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02271]
1965  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
207  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2081  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 precursor [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
22877  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein [KO:K09113]
2353  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
27089  UQCRQ; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
2931  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
2932  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 2 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
29796  UQCR10; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform a [KO:K00419]
341947  COX8C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
355  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04390]
3551  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform 1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
3552  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha precursor [KO:K04383]
3553  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta proprotein [KO:K04519]
356  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform 1 [KO:K04389]
3569  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05405]
3570  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05055]
3576  CXCL8; interleukin-8 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K10030]
3630  INS; insulin preproprotein [KO:K04526]
3643  INSR; insulin receptor isoform Long preproprotein [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
3667  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
3725  JUN; transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]
374291  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform 1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
3952  LEP; leptin precursor [KO:K05424]
3953  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05062]
4217  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform 2 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
4296  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
440567  UQCRHL; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6-like, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
4512  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
4513  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
4514  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
4519  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
468  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
4694  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
4695  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 isoform 1 [KO:K03946]
4696  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
4697  COXFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
4698  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform 1 [KO:K03949]
4700  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
4701  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
4702  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform 1 [KO:K03952]
4704  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03953]
4705  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03954]
4706  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03955]
4707  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
4708  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03958]
4709  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
4710  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 isoform 1 [KO:K03960]
4711  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03961]
4712  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform 1 [KO:K03962]
4713  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
4714  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03964]
4715  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform 1 [KO:K03965]
4716  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
4717  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03967]
4718  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform 1 [KO:K03968]
4719  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4720  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4722  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4723  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4724  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03937]
4725  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
4726  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03939]
4728  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4729  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
4731  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform b precursor [KO:K03944]
4790  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 proprotein [KO:K02580]
51079  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
51085  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform alpha [KO:K09113]
51094  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
51422  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform a [KO:K07200]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform 1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
5313  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform 1 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
53632  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
54205  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
54539  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial isoform 2 [KO:K11351]
5465  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform 1 [KO:K07294]
5468  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2 [KO:K08530]
5562  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform 1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
5563  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
5564  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
5565  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
5571  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform 1 [KO:K07200]
55967  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform a [KO:K11352]
5599  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform alpha2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5600  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5601  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5602  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5603  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
56901  COXFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
581  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform alpha [KO:K02159]
5879  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1 [KO:K04392]
5970  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform 1 [KO:K04735]
6256  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform a [KO:K08524]
6300  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform 1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
637  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform 2 [KO:K04726]
6389  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform 1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
6390  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
6391  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K00236]
6392  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform a precursor [KO:K00237]
6720  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform 2 [KO:K07197]
6945  MLX; max-like protein X isoform gamma [KO:K09113]
7040  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein preproprotein [KO:K13375]
7124  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
7132  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K03158]
7186  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
7381  UQCRB; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform 1 [KO:K00417]
7384  UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00414]
7385  UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00415]
7386  UQCRFS1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
7388  UQCRH; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor [KO:K00416]
7494  XBP1; X-box-binding protein 1 isoform XBP1(U) [KO:K09027]
79602  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 isoform 2 [KO:K07297]
836  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
83737  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform 1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
840  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform alpha precursor [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
841  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
84701  COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform 1 [KO:K02649]
8660  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
9021  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
9167  COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2-like, mitochondrial isoform a [KO:K02270]
9370  ADIPOQ; adiponectin precursor [KO:K07296]
9377  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02264]
9451  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
998  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04393]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
hsa00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
hsa00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
hsa03320  PPAR signaling pathway
hsa04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
hsa04210  Apoptosis
hsa04668  TNF signaling pathway
hsa04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
hsa04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   

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