PATHWAY: mmu05320 Help
Entry
Name
Autoimmune thyroid disease - Mus musculus (house mouse)
Description
The classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxedema. HT is characterized by the presence of goitre, thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in serum and varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction. During HT, self-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th) recruit B cells and CD8+ T cells (CTL) into the thyroid. Disease progression leads to the death of thyroid cells and hypothyroidism. Both autoantibodies and thyroid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been proposed to be responsible for autoimmune thyrocyte depletion. In GD, the TSH-R is the most important autoantigen. Antibodies directed against it mimic the effects of the hormone on thyroid cells, TSH, stimulating autonomous production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and causing hyperthyroidism. The presence of TSH-R-blocking antibodies that bind the TSH receptor in a similar fashion to the antibodies in patients with Grave's disease but that block rather than activate the receptor explains some cases of atrophic hypothyroidism.
Class
Human Diseases; Immune disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Organism
Mus musculus (house mouse) [GN:
mmu ]
Gene
100504404 H2-Ea; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E alpha [KO:K06752 ]
110557 H2-Q6; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 6 [KO:K06751 ]
110558 H2-Q9; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 9 [KO:K06751 ]
110696 H2-M10.3; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.3 [KO:K06751 ]
12477 Ctla4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [KO:K06538 ]
12640 Cga; glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit [KO:K08522 ]
14960 H2-Aa; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, alpha [KO:K06752 ]
14961 H2-Ab1; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 [KO:K06752 ]
14963 H2-Bl; histocompatibility 2, blastocyst [KO:K06751 ]
14964 H2-D1; histocompatibility 2, D region locus 1 [KO:K06751 ]
14969 H2-Eb1; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E beta [KO:K06752 ]
14972 H2-K1; histocompatibility 2, K1, K region [KO:K06751 ]
14980 H2-L; histocompatibility 2, D region locus L [KO:K06751 ]
14985 H2-M10.1; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.1 [KO:K06751 ]
14990 H2-M2; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 2 [KO:K06751 ]
14991 H2-M3; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 3 [KO:K06751 ]
14997 H2-M9; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 9 [KO:K06751 ]
14998 H2-DMa; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus DMa [KO:K06752 ]
14999 H2-DMb1; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus Mb1 [KO:K06752 ]
15000 H2-DMb2; histocompatibility 2, class II, locus Mb2 [KO:K06752 ]
15001 H2-Oa; histocompatibility 2, O region alpha locus [KO:K06752 ]
15002 H2-Ob; histocompatibility 2, O region beta locus [KO:K06752 ]
15006 H2-Q1; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 1 [KO:K06751 ]
15007 H2-Q10; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 10 [KO:K06751 ]
15013 H2-Q2; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 2 [KO:K06751 ]
15015 H2-Q4; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 4 [KO:K06751 ]
15018 H2-Q7; histocompatibility 2, Q region locus 7 [KO:K06751 ]
15024 H2-T10; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 10 [KO:K06751 ]
15039 H2-T22; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 22 [KO:K06751 ]
15040 H2-T23; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23 [KO:K06751 ]
15042 H2-T24; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 24 [KO:K06751 ]
15043 H2-T3; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 3 [KO:K06751 ]
18646 Prf1; perforin 1 (pore forming protein) [KO:K07818 ]
22094 Tshb; thyroid stimulating hormone, beta subunit [KO:K05251 ]
22095 Tshr; thyroid stimulating hormone receptor [KO:K04249 ]
224753 H2-M10.4; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.4 [KO:K06751 ]
224754 H2-M11; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 11 [KO:K06751 ]
224756 H2-M1; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 1 [KO:K06751 ]
224761 H2-M10.5; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.5 [KO:K06751 ]
240095 H2-M5; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 5 [KO:K06751 ]
333715 H2-M10.2; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.2 [KO:K06751 ]
381091 H2-Eb2; histocompatibility 2, class II antigen E beta2 [KO:K06752 ]
399549 H2-M10.6; histocompatibility 2, M region locus 10.6 [KO:K06751 ]
630294 H2-T25; histocompatibility-2, T region locus 25 [KO:K06751 ]
667977 H2-T26; histocompatibility 2, T region locus 26 [KO:K06751 ]
Compound
D00636 Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
Reference
Authors
Fountoulakis S, Tsatsoulis A.
Title
On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chistiakov DA.
Title
Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McIver B, Morris JC.
Title
The pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stassi G, De Maria R.
Title
Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collins J, Gough S.
Title
Autoimmunity in thyroid disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA.
Title
Iodine and thyroid autoimmune disease in animal models.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tsatsoulis A.
Title
The role of stress in the clinical expression of thyroid autoimmunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM.
Title
The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kopp P.
Title
The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease.
Journal
Related pathway
mmu04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
mmu04612 Antigen processing and presentation
mmu04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
mmu04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
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