KEGG   PATHWAY: nle04970
Entry
nle04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
nle04970  Salivary secretion
nle04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Nomascus leucogenys (northern white-cheeked gibbon) [GN:nle]
Gene
100606030  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
100589389  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
100596541  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
101176289  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X7 [KO:K04632]
115830355  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
100595636  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100600367  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100586735  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100603282  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100580455  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100589304  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100587036  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100592592  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100599484  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100583577  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X8 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100579779  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100607741  PRKACG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100587451  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
100584192  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
100601962  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
100600693  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
100597211  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
100594473  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
100597115  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100600507  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100606558  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100600865  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100591651  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100590939  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X2 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100601464  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100587159  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100599135  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959]
100585914  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100587193  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
100586234  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
100582584  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100584686  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
100595594  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
100607765  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
100602246  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
100588287  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
100603253  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
100597250  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100592351  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100581660  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100600502  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100583335  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
100597697  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
100584834  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
100606960  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
100606064  BST1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
100603076  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
115836310  AQP5; aquaporin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K09867]
100585801  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100604238  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100596870  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100586342  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
100600591  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
100591621  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
100582993  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
100579331  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
105737519  uncharacterized protein LOC105737519 isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
100603540  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100579834  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100584463  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100591048  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
100587696  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10951]
100593199  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
100589545  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X12 [KO:K04936]
100599599  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 [KO:K13855]
100581293  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
100596000  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
100603077  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
100580922  MUC5AC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
100588600  MUC5B; mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
100605662  MUC7; mucin-7 [KO:K13909]
100594235  alpha-amylase 2B isoform X2 [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100593892  pancreatic alpha-amylase [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
100584047  salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2-like [KO:K13910]
115832859  basic salivary proline-rich protein 4-like [KO:K13911]
100584310  DMBT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
100601570  cystatin-SN [KO:K13897]
100605640  CST3; cystatin-C [KO:K13899]
100601918  CST5; cystatin-D [KO:K13901]
100601272  histatin-3 [KO:K13913]
100590184  HTN1; histatin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K13913]
101178605  STATH; statherin isoform X1 [KO:K13914]
100596481  LYZ; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
100605812  LPO; lactoperoxidase isoform X2 [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
100588557  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
nle04020  Calcium signaling pathway
nle04530  Tight junction
nle04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   

  All links  
Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (90)   
   KEGG GENES (90)   
All databases (91)   

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