KEGG   PATHWAY: mul04122
Entry
mul04122                    Pathway                                
Name
Sulfur relay system - Mycobacterium ulcerans
Description
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are signalling messengers that control many cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. It is suggested that Ub-protein modification evolved from prokaryotic sulfurtransfer systems. Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and thiamin are sulfur-containing cofactors whose biosynthesis includes a key sulfur transfer step that uses unique sulfur carrier proteins, MoaD and ThiS. Ubiquitin, MoaD, and ThiS are all structurally related proteins whose C-termini are activated through adenylation by homologous E1-like enzymes. s2T biosynthesis may share similar chemistry with Moco and thiamin synthesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Urm1 and Uba4 function as part of a ubl protein conjugation system, though they have sequence homology to bacterial sulfur-transfer enzymes and the ability to function in sulfur transfer.
Class
Genetic Information Processing; Folding, sorting and degradation
Pathway map
mul04122  Sulfur relay system
mul04122

Organism
Mycobacterium ulcerans [GN:mul]
Gene
MUL_1927  iscS; cysteine desulfurase IscS [KO:K04487] [EC:2.8.1.7]
MUL_0432  cysA2; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, CysA2 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
MUL_2635  sseA; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase SseA [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
MUL_1928  trmU; tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase TrmU [KO:K00566] [EC:2.8.1.13]
MUL_0284  moaE2; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein E2 MoaE2 [KO:K03635] [EC:2.8.1.12]
MUL_0281  moaA2; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein A2 MoaA2 [KO:K03639] [EC:4.1.99.22]
MUL_3927  cfp10A; 9.5 kDa culture filtrate antigen Cfp10A [KO:K03636]
MUL_0282  moaD2; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein D 2 MoaD2 [KO:K03636]
MUL_2527  moeB1; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MoeB1 [KO:K21147] [EC:2.7.7.80 2.7.7.- 2.8.1.11 2.8.1.-]
MUL_0286  moaC2; molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein C 2 MoaC2 [KO:K03637] [EC:4.6.1.17]
MUL_2804  thiS; thiamine biosynthesis protein ThiS [KO:K03154]
MUL_0242  cysM; cysteine synthase B CysM [KO:K21148] [EC:2.5.1.113]
MUL_3928  conserved hypothetical protease [KO:K21140] [EC:3.13.1.6]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00044  GTP
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00378  Thiamine
C00868  tRNA uridine
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C05924  Molybdopterin
C17322  tRNA containing 2-thiouridine
C18237  Molybdoenzyme molybdenum cofactor
C18239  Precursor Z
Reference
  Authors
Noma A, Sakaguchi Y, Suzuki T
  Title
Mechanistic characterization of the sulfur-relay system for eukaryotic 2-thiouridine biogenesis at tRNA wobble positions.
  Journal
Nucleic Acids Res 37:1335-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn1023
Reference
  Authors
Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L
  Title
The prokaryotic antecedents of the ubiquitin-signaling system and the early evolution of ubiquitin-like beta-grasp domains.
  Journal
Genome Biol 7:R60 (2006)
DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-7-r60
Reference
  Authors
Schwarz G, Mendel RR, Ribbe MW
  Title
Molybdenum cofactors, enzymes and pathways.
  Journal
Nature 460:839-47 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nature08302
Related
pathway
mul00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
mul00730  Thiamine metabolism
mul00790  Folate biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko04122   

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