KEGG   PATHWAY: pfa05144
Entry
pfa05144                    Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Plasmodium falciparum 3D7
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
pfa05144  Malaria
pfa05144

Organism
Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 [GN:pfa]
Gene
PF3D7_1342500  sporozoite protein essential for cell traversal [KO:K13833]
PF3D7_0408700  perforin-like protein 1 [KO:K13834]
PF3D7_1216600  cell traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites [KO:K13835]
PF3D7_0304600  circumsporozoite (CS) protein [KO:K13836]
PF3D7_1335900  thrombospondin-related anonymous protein [KO:K13837]
PF3D7_0930300  merozoite surface protein 1 [KO:K13838]
PF3D7_0206800  merozoite surface protein 2 [KO:K13839]
PF3D7_1035400  merozoite surface protein 3 [KO:K13840]
PF3D7_0207000  merozoite surface protein 4 [KO:K13841]
PF3D7_0206900.1  merozoite surface protein 5 [KO:K13842]
PF3D7_1035500  merozoite surface protein 6 [KO:K13843]
PF3D7_0502400  merozoite surface protein 8 [KO:K13844]
PF3D7_1133400  apical membrane antigen 1 [KO:K13845]
PF3D7_0731500  erythrocyte binding antigen-175 [KO:K13847]
PF3D7_1301600  erythrocyte binding antigen-140 [KO:K13848]
PF3D7_1335400  reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue A [KO:K13849]
PF3D7_0424200  reticulocyte binding protein homologue 4 [KO:K13849]
PF3D7_1335300  reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue B [KO:K13849]
PF3D7_0402300  reticulocyte binding protein homologue 1 [KO:K13849]
PF3D7_0200100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1255200  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1373500  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0733000  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712800  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712900  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0711700  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712000  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0712600  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0809100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0808700  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0808600  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0800200  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0800100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1300300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0400100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0400400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0412400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0412700  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0412900  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0413100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0420700  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0420900  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0421100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0421300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0426000  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0500100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0600200  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0617400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0632800  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0900100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1200100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1200600  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1219300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1240400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1240600  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1000100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1041300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1100100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1100200  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1150400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0223500  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0937600  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1300100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0937800  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1240300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0632500  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0800300  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1200400  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0100100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0300100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0700100  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0833500  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_0115700  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1240900  erythrocyte membrane protein 1, PfEMP1 [KO:K13850]
PF3D7_1300200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1300700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0713000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0701800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0732900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0900700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0901000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0901100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0901300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0901400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0901500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0937300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0937400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0937500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0937700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1200200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1200300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1200500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1253700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1255000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1255100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0808900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0808800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0800500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1000200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1000300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1000400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1000600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1040900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1041000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1041100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1041200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1100300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1100400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1100500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1101200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1101300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1149800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1150000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1150200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1150300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1300400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1300500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1300600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1400800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1479400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1479600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1479700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1479800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1480000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0200200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0200500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0200600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0200700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0201000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0201200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0222500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0222600  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0222700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0223100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0223200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0223400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0400300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0400500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0400700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0400900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0401000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0401300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0401400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0413200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0413300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0421200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0425700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0425900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0500400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0532900  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0600300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0600500  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0600700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0617700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0632300  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0100800  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1101100  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1254700  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0300200  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_1373400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0833000  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0800400  rifin [KO:K13851]
PF3D7_0300400  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0115400  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0201300  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1040200  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1300900  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0732000  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1149900  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1400700  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1479500  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0200400  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0222800  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0400800  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0402600  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0617600  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0631900  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0901600  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1254100  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1254300  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0324600  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0425500  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_1372800  stevor [KO:K13852]
PF3D7_0832900  stevor [KO:K13852]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
PMID:19101208
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
PMID:15106591
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
PMID:15464448
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
PMID:12364790
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
PMID:16019257
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
PMID:17630968
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
PMID:11224682
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
PMID:15094163
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
PMID:15463497
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
PMID:18250459
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
PMID:10885986
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
PMID:11832955
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
PMID:19967139
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
PMID:16138104
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
PMID:14737184
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
PMID:16468982
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
PMID:20091081
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
KO pathway
ko05144   

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Genome (1)   
   KEGG GENOME (1)   
Gene (218)   
   KEGG GENES (218)   
All databases (219)   

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