KEGG   PATHWAY: rno00270
Entry
rno00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
rno00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
rno00270

Module
rno_M00035  Methionine degradation [PATH:rno00270]
rno_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:rno00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
24962  Cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
541589  Kyat3; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
311844  Kyat1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
24250  Cbs; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
81508  Bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
365972  Bhmt2; S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
81522  Mtr; methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]
171347  Mat2a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
25331  Mat1a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
683630  Mat2b; methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
81640  Amd1; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
84596  Srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
363469  Sms; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
298227  Mtap; S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]
313790  Lacc1; purine nucleoside phosphorylase LACC1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
288912  Mri1; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
305177  Enoph1; enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]
298934  Adi1; acireductone dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
24813  Tat; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
298483  Lao1; L-amino acid oxidase 1 precursor [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
100360621  Il4i1; L-amino-acid oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
287305  4930438A08Rikl; L-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
25134  Gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
84350  Dnmt1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
444984  Dnmt3a; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform 1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
444985  Dnmt3b; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
29443  Ahcy; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
312192  Ahcyl2; adenosylhomocysteinase 3 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
362013  Ahcyl1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
29592  Bcat1; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic isoform 1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
64203  Bcat2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
83784  Agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
25283  Gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
29739  Gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]
25458  Gss; glutathione synthetase [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
81718  Cdo1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]
24401  Got1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
25721  Got2; aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
192172  Mpst; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
25274  Tst; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
24533  Ldha; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
24534  Ldhb; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain isoform Ldhb [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
29634  Ldhc; L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
369018  Ldhal6b; L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
24551  Mdh1; malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic isoform Mdh1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
81829  Mdh2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
25044  Sds; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
360816  Sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
58835  Phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
293820  Psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
rno00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
rno00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
rno00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
rno00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
rno00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
rno00480  Glutathione metabolism
rno00620  Pyruvate metabolism
rno00640  Propanoate metabolism
rno00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
rno00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
rno00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   

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