ID A0A2Y9F6D3_PHYMC Unreviewed; 154 AA.
AC A0A2Y9F6D3;
DT 12-SEP-2018, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
DT 12-SEP-2018, sequence version 1.
DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 28.
DE RecName: Full=Interleukin-2 {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00019453, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
DE Short=IL-2 {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
GN Name=IL2 {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134,
GN ECO:0000313|RefSeq:XP_007116133.1};
OS Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm whale) (Physeter catodon).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Whippomorpha; Cetacea; Odontoceti;
OC Physeteridae; Physeter.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9755 {ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000248484, ECO:0000313|RefSeq:XP_007116133.1};
RN [1] {ECO:0000313|RefSeq:XP_007116133.1}
RP IDENTIFICATION.
RC TISSUE=Muscle {ECO:0000313|RefSeq:XP_007116133.1};
RG RefSeq;
RL Submitted (NOV-2023) to UniProtKB.
CC -!- FUNCTION: Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells
CC and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural
CC killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and
CC tolerance. Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-
CC affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or
CC the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG). Interaction with the
CC receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R
CC subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with
CC phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3. In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate
CC the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of
CC several substrates including STAT5. This process leads to activation of
CC several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and
CC mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways. Functions as a T-cell
CC growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well.
CC Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently
CC immunoglobulin production. Plays a pivotal role in regulating the
CC adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of
CC regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune
CC tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and
CC homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as
CC well as memory CD8-positive T-cells. {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-2 family. {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00006949,
CC ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134}.
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DR RefSeq; XP_007116133.1; XM_007116071.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; A0A2Y9F6D3; -.
DR STRING; 9755.ENSPCTP00005013887; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSPCTT00005015370; ENSPCTP00005013887; ENSPCTG00005009921.
DR GeneID; 102990654; -.
DR KEGG; pcad:102990654; -.
DR CTD; 3558; -.
DR InParanoid; A0A2Y9F6D3; -.
DR OrthoDB; 5263670at2759; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000248484; Chromosome 7.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0008083; F:growth factor activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005134; F:interleukin-2 receptor binding; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002250; P:adaptive immune response; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0038110; P:interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002366; P:leukocyte activation involved in immune response; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002903; P:negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042104; P:positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0030890; P:positive regulation of B cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0002639; P:positive regulation of immunoglobulin production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0032740; P:positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:1900100; P:positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation; IEA:Ensembl.
DR GO; GO:0042531; P:positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; IEA:Ensembl.
DR Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR InterPro; IPR000779; IL-2.
DR InterPro; IPR030477; IL-2_CS.
DR PANTHER; PTHR48399; INTERLEUKIN-2; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR48399:SF1; INTERLEUKIN-2; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00715; IL2; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00265; INTERLEUKIN2.
DR SMART; SM00189; IL2; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47266; 4-helical cytokines; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00424; INTERLEUKIN_2; 1.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Adaptive immunity {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023130,
KW ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Cytokine {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022514, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Disulfide bond {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Growth factor {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023030,
KW ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Immunity {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022859, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Reference proteome {ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000248484};
KW Secreted {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022525, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134};
KW Signal {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022729, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134}.
FT SIGNAL 1..20
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134"
FT CHAIN 21..154
FT /note="Interleukin-2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU363134"
FT /id="PRO_5015796771"
SQ SEQUENCE 154 AA; 17704 MW; 293CE06436C5D336 CRC64;
MYKMQLLSCI ALTLALVANG APTSSSTENT KEQVKSLLLD LRLLSNEVNN YENLKLFRML
TFKFYMPKKA TELKHLQCLA EELKPLEDVL NVAQSKTQNW TGIKDLMDNI NRIVLTLKGS
ETRFTCEYDD ETVTAVEFLE KWITFCQSIY STMT
//
