ID BADH2_ORYSJ Reviewed; 503 AA.
AC Q84LK3; A0A0N7KPV7; Q06DE4;
DT 03-SEP-2014, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-JUN-2003, sequence version 1.
DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 138.
DE RecName: Full=Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2;
DE Short=OsBADH2;
DE EC=1.2.1.8;
GN Name=BADH2; Synonyms=fgr; OrderedLocusNames=LOC_Os08g32870, Os08g0424500;
GN ORFNames=OsJ_27367, OSJNBa0056L09.30, P0456B03.101;
OS Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (Rice).
OC Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BOP clade;
OC Oryzoideae; Oryzeae; Oryzinae; Oryza; Oryza sativa.
OX NCBI_TaxID=39947;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RA Asayama M.;
RT "putative betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice.";
RL Submitted (NOV-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Jiu Caiqing; TISSUE=Seedling;
RA Pan L.J., Zhang H.S.;
RT "Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a putative betaine-aldehyde
RT dehydrogenase gene in rice.";
RL Submitted (AUG-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RX PubMed=16100779; DOI=10.1038/nature03895;
RG International rice genome sequencing project (IRGSP);
RT "The map-based sequence of the rice genome.";
RL Nature 436:793-800(2005).
RN [4]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RX PubMed=18089549; DOI=10.1093/nar/gkm978;
RG The rice annotation project (RAP);
RT "The rice annotation project database (RAP-DB): 2008 update.";
RL Nucleic Acids Res. 36:D1028-D1033(2008).
RN [5]
RP GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RX PubMed=24280374; DOI=10.1186/1939-8433-6-4;
RA Kawahara Y., de la Bastide M., Hamilton J.P., Kanamori H., McCombie W.R.,
RA Ouyang S., Schwartz D.C., Tanaka T., Wu J., Zhou S., Childs K.L.,
RA Davidson R.M., Lin H., Quesada-Ocampo L., Vaillancourt B., Sakai H.,
RA Lee S.S., Kim J., Numa H., Itoh T., Buell C.R., Matsumoto T.;
RT "Improvement of the Oryza sativa Nipponbare reference genome using next
RT generation sequence and optical map data.";
RL Rice 6:4-4(2013).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RX PubMed=15685292; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030038;
RA Yu J., Wang J., Lin W., Li S., Li H., Zhou J., Ni P., Dong W., Hu S.,
RA Zeng C., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Li R., Xu Z., Li S., Li X., Zheng H., Cong L.,
RA Lin L., Yin J., Geng J., Li G., Shi J., Liu J., Lv H., Li J., Wang J.,
RA Deng Y., Ran L., Shi X., Wang X., Wu Q., Li C., Ren X., Wang J., Wang X.,
RA Li D., Liu D., Zhang X., Ji Z., Zhao W., Sun Y., Zhang Z., Bao J., Han Y.,
RA Dong L., Ji J., Chen P., Wu S., Liu J., Xiao Y., Bu D., Tan J., Yang L.,
RA Ye C., Zhang J., Xu J., Zhou Y., Yu Y., Zhang B., Zhuang S., Wei H.,
RA Liu B., Lei M., Yu H., Li Y., Xu H., Wei S., He X., Fang L., Zhang Z.,
RA Zhang Y., Huang X., Su Z., Tong W., Li J., Tong Z., Li S., Ye J., Wang L.,
RA Fang L., Lei T., Chen C.-S., Chen H.-C., Xu Z., Li H., Huang H., Zhang F.,
RA Xu H., Li N., Zhao C., Li S., Dong L., Huang Y., Li L., Xi Y., Qi Q.,
RA Li W., Zhang B., Hu W., Zhang Y., Tian X., Jiao Y., Liang X., Jin J.,
RA Gao L., Zheng W., Hao B., Liu S.-M., Wang W., Yuan L., Cao M.,
RA McDermott J., Samudrala R., Wang J., Wong G.K.-S., Yang H.;
RT "The genomes of Oryza sativa: a history of duplications.";
RL PLoS Biol. 3:266-281(2005).
RN [7]
RP IDENTIFICATION, AND ROLE IN RICE FRAGRANCE.
RX PubMed=17129318; DOI=10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00131.x;
RA Bradbury L.M., Fitzgerald T.L., Henry R.J., Jin Q., Waters D.L.;
RT "The gene for fragrance in rice.";
RL Plant Biotechnol. J. 3:363-370(2005).
RN [8]
RP DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX PubMed=18840300; DOI=10.1186/1471-2229-8-100;
RA Niu X., Tang W., Huang W., Ren G., Wang Q., Luo D., Xiao Y., Yang S.,
RA Wang F., Lu B.R., Gao F., Lu T., Liu Y.;
RT "RNAi-directed downregulation of OsBADH2 results in aroma (2-acetyl-1-
RT pyrroline) production in rice (Oryza sativa L.).";
RL BMC Plant Biol. 8:100-100(2008).
RN [9]
RP FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION,
RP AND ROLE IN RICE FRAGRANCE.
RX PubMed=18599581; DOI=10.1105/tpc.108.058917;
RA Chen S., Yang Y., Shi W., Ji Q., He F., Zhang Z., Cheng Z., Liu X., Xu M.;
RT "Badh2, encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, inhibits the biosynthesis
RT of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a major component in rice fragrance.";
RL Plant Cell 20:1850-1861(2008).
RN [10]
RP FUNCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX PubMed=18704694; DOI=10.1007/s11103-008-9381-x;
RA Bradbury L.M., Gillies S.A., Brushett D.J., Waters D.L., Henry R.J.;
RT "Inactivation of an aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for
RT fragrance in rice.";
RL Plant Mol. Biol. 68:439-449(2008).
RN [11]
RP FUNCTION, AND ROLE IN RICE FRAGRANCE.
RX PubMed=18491070; DOI=10.1007/s00122-008-0780-9;
RA Bourgis F., Guyot R., Gherbi H., Tailliez E., Amabile I., Salse J.,
RA Lorieux M., Delseny M., Ghesquiere A.;
RT "Characterization of the major fragance gene from an aromatic japonica rice
RT and analysis of its diversity in Asian cultivated rice.";
RL Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:353-368(2008).
RN [12]
RP REVIEW ON RICE FRAGRANCE.
RX PubMed=19371779; DOI=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.001;
RA Sakthivel K., Sundaram R.M., Shobha Rani N., Balachandran S.M.,
RA Neeraja C.N.;
RT "Genetic and molecular basis of fragrance in rice.";
RL Biotechnol. Adv. 27:468-473(2009).
RN [13]
RP FUNCTION, INDUCTION BY SUBMERGENCE, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
RC STRAIN=cv. Nipponbare;
RX PubMed=19850038; DOI=10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.039;
RA Mitsuya S., Yokota Y., Fujiwara T., Mori N., Takabe T.;
RT "OsBADH1 is possibly involved in acetaldehyde oxidation in rice plant
RT peroxisomes.";
RL FEBS Lett. 583:3625-3629(2009).
RN [14]
RP ROLE IN RICE FRAGRANCE.
RX PubMed=19706531; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0904077106;
RA Kovach M.J., Calingacion M.N., Fitzgerald M.A., McCouch S.R.;
RT "The origin and evolution of fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:14444-14449(2009).
RN [15]
RP FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASN-162 AND TRP-170, BINDING OF BETAINE ALDEHYDE
RP AND GAMMA-4-AMINOBUTYRALDEHYDE, INTERACTION WITH NAD, AND
RP BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
RX PubMed=22534193; DOI=10.1016/j.biochi.2012.04.009;
RA Jiamsomboon K., Treesuwan W., Boonyalai N.;
RT "Dissecting substrate specificity of two rice BADH isoforms: Enzyme
RT kinetics, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies.";
RL Biochimie 94:1773-1783(2012).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Dehydrogenase that can use N-acetyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde
CC (NAGABald), gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde (GGBald), betaine aldehyde
CC (Bet-ald), gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald), acetaldehyde, 4-
CC aminobutylaldehyde (AB-ald), 3-aminopropionaldehyde (AP-ald), 4-N-
CC trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMAB-ald) and 3-N-
CC trimethylaminopropionaldehyde (TMAP-ald) as substrates. Catalyzes the
CC oxidation of GAB-ald more efficiently than Bet-ald. Mediates the
CC conversion of GAB-ald into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and prevents
CC the formation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) which gives fragrant rice
CC its aromatic properties. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18491070,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18599581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193}.
CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC Reaction=betaine aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycine betaine + 2 H(+) +
CC NADH; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15305, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15710, ChEBI:CHEBI:17750, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540,
CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57945; EC=1.2.1.8;
CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694};
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC Kinetic parameters:
CC KM=10 mM for N-acetyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (NAGABald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694};
CC KM=260 uM for gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde (GGBald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694};
CC KM=63 uM for betaine aldehyde {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694};
CC KM=9 uM for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694};
CC KM=251 uM for betaine aldehyde (at 30 degrees Celsius)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193};
CC KM=38 uM for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (at 30 degrees Celsius)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193};
CC KM=146 uM for acetaldehyde (at 30 degrees Celsius)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193};
CC KM=230 uM for betaine aldehyde {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC KM=3.7 uM for 4-aminobutyraldehyde (AB-ald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC KM=12 uM for 3-aminopropionaldehyde (AP-ald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC KM=41 uM for 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMAB-ald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC KM=340 uM for 3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde (TMAP-ald)
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC KM=170 uM for acetaldehyde {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC Vmax=0.048 umol/min/mg enzyme with acetaldehyde as substrate
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038};
CC pH dependence:
CC Optimum pH is 10. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18704694,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193};
CC -!- PATHWAY: Amine and polyamine biosynthesis; betaine biosynthesis via
CC choline pathway; betaine from betaine aldehyde: step 1/1.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18599581}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed constitutively in roots, embryos,
CC seedlings, stems, leaves and flowers, with higher levels in young
CC leaves, and lower levels in roots. Strongly expressed in inflorescence
CC meristem during cell division. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18599581,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:18840300}.
CC -!- INDUCTION: Following submergence treatment, transient decreased levels
CC that recovers after re-aeration. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850038}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Reduced crop productivity, but increased
CC accumulation of gamma-4-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald) and higher 2-
CC acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) biosynthesis, which influences aroma.
CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18599581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18840300}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Present in a truncated form, mostly allele badh2.1, also
CC called 'fgr' in fragrant rice varieties (e.g. basmati and jasmine
CC rice). The loss of activity leads to accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-
CC pyrroline (2AP) that confers the flavor of fragrant rice. Haplotype
CC analysis suggests a single origin of the badh2.1 allele within the
CC Japonica varietal group and demonstrates the introgression of this
CC allele from Japonica to Indica (PubMed:17129318, PubMed:18599581,
CC PubMed:18491070, PubMed:19371779, PubMed:19706531).
CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:17129318, ECO:0000305|PubMed:18491070,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:18599581, ECO:0000305|PubMed:19371779,
CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:19706531}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.
CC {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; AB096083; BAC76608.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; DQ910546; ABI84118.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AP004463; BAC98555.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AP005537; BAC99806.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AP008214; BAF23747.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AP014964; BAT05490.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CM000145; EEE68710.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_015650889.1; XM_015795403.1.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q84LK3; -.
DR SMR; Q84LK3; -.
DR STRING; 39947.Q84LK3; -.
DR PaxDb; 39947-Q84LK3; -.
DR EnsemblPlants; Os08t0424500-01; Os08t0424500-01; Os08g0424500.
DR GeneID; 4345606; -.
DR Gramene; Os08t0424500-01; Os08t0424500-01; Os08g0424500.
DR KEGG; osa:4345606; -.
DR eggNOG; KOG2450; Eukaryota.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_005391_0_1_1; -.
DR InParanoid; Q84LK3; -.
DR OMA; EFYAGAC; -.
DR OrthoDB; 3078548at2759; -.
DR BRENDA; 1.2.1.8; 4460.
DR PlantReactome; R-OSA-1119579; Glycine betaine biosynthesis III.
DR UniPathway; UPA00529; UER00386.
DR Proteomes; UP000000763; Chromosome 8.
DR Proteomes; UP000007752; Chromosome 8.
DR Proteomes; UP000059680; Chromosome 8.
DR ExpressionAtlas; Q84LK3; baseline and differential.
DR Genevisible; Q84LK3; OS.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005777; C:peroxisome; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0008802; F:betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0071454; P:cellular response to anoxia; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0019285; P:glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway.
DR CDD; cd07110; ALDH_F10_BADH; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR016161; Ald_DH/histidinol_DH.
DR InterPro; IPR016163; Ald_DH_C.
DR InterPro; IPR016160; Ald_DH_CS_CYS.
DR InterPro; IPR029510; Ald_DH_CS_GLU.
DR InterPro; IPR016162; Ald_DH_N.
DR InterPro; IPR015590; Aldehyde_DH_dom.
DR PANTHER; PTHR43860; BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR43860:SF2; BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-RELATED; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00171; Aldedh; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF53720; ALDH-like; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00070; ALDEHYDE_DEHYDR_CYS; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00687; ALDEHYDE_DEHYDR_GLU; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW Cytoplasm; NAD; Oxidoreductase; Peroxisome; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1..503
FT /note="Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2"
FT /id="PRO_0000430057"
FT MOTIF 501..503
FT /note="Microbody targeting signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT ACT_SITE 260
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT ACT_SITE 294
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 161..170
FT /ligand="betaine aldehyde"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:15710"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 238..243
FT /ligand="NAD(+)"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57540"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT BINDING 260..261
FT /ligand="4-aminobutanal"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58264"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 260
FT /ligand="betaine aldehyde"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:15710"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 292..295
FT /ligand="betaine aldehyde"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:15710"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 294
FT /ligand="4-aminobutanal"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58264"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 453
FT /ligand="betaine aldehyde"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:15710"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT BINDING 459
FT /ligand="4-aminobutanal"
FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58264"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT MUTAGEN 162
FT /note="N->A: Slightly reduced affinity for NAD, 4-fold
FT enhanced affinity for betaine aldehyde (Bet-ald), but 3-
FT fold reduction in gamma-4-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald)
FT affinity and reduced catalytic efficiency (2-fold for Bet-
FT ald and 8-fold for GAB-ald)."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193"
FT MUTAGEN 170
FT /note="W->A: Slightly reduced affinity for NAD, 4-fold
FT enhanced affinity for betaine aldehyde (Bet-ald), but 2-
FT fold reduction in gamma-4-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald)
FT affinity and reduced catalytic efficiency (2.5-fold for
FT Bet-ald and 6-fold for GAB-ald)."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193"
FT MUTAGEN 170
FT /note="W->F: Slightly reduced affinity for NAD, 5-fold
FT enhanced affinity for betaine aldehyde (Bet-ald), but 3-
FT fold reduction in gamma-4-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald)
FT affinity and 1.5-fold increase in catalytic efficiency
FT towards gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald)."
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22534193"
FT CONFLICT 143
FT /note="F -> L (in Ref. 2; ABI84118)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 189
FT /note="L -> S (in Ref. 2; ABI84118)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT CONFLICT 332
FT /note="R -> M (in Ref. 2; ABI84118)"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ SEQUENCE 503 AA; 54683 MW; 1011B305C31F4446 CRC64;
MATAIPQRQL FVAGEWRAPA LGRRLPVVNP ATESPIGEIP AGTAEDVDAA VAAAREALKR
NRGRDWARAP GAVRAKYLRA IAAKIIERKS ELARLETLDC GKPLDEAAWD MDDVAGCFEY
FADLAESLDK RQNAPVSLPM ENFKCYLRKE PIGVVGLITP WNYPLLMATW KVAPALAAGC
TAVLKPSELA SVTCLELADV CKEVGLPSGV LNIVTGLGSE AGAPLSSHPG VDKVAFTGSY
ETGKKIMASA APMVKPVSLE LGGKSPIVVF DDVDVEKAVE WTLFGCFWTN GQICSATSRL
ILHKKIAKEF QERMVAWAKN IKVSDPLEEG CRLGPVVSEG QYEKIKQFVS TAKSQGATIL
TGGVRPKHLE KGFYIEPTII TDVDTSMQIW REEVFGPVLC VKEFSTEEEA IELANDTHYG
LAGAVLSGDR ERCQRLTEEI DAGIIWVNCS QPCFCQAPWG GNKRSGFGRE LGEGGIDNYL
SVKQVTEYAS DEPWGWYKSP SKL
//
