KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ape00010 ape01200 ape01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ape00010 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ape00010 ape00020 ape01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ape00010 ape00020 ape00620 ape01200 ape01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ape00020 ape01200 ape01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ape00020 ape01200 ape01210 ape01230 ape01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ape00020 ape01200 ape01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ape00030 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ape00030 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ape00030 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100 ape01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ape00030 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100 ape01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ape00030 ape00230 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:ape00030 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:ape00040 ape00030 ape01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ape00052 ape01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ape00500 ape01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ape00500 ape01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ape00520 ape01250 ape01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ape00520 ape00052 ape01250 ape01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ape00520 ape01250 ape01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:ape00630 ape01200 ape01100 ape01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00166 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, ribulose-5P => glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00167 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, glyceraldehyde-3P => ribulose-5P [PATH:ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:ape00620 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:ape00620 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:ape00620 ape00720 ape01200 ape01100 ape01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:ape00910 ape01100 ape01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:ape00910 ape01100 ape01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:ape00920 ape01100 ape01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:ape00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:ape00190]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:ape00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ape00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:ape00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:ape00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:ape00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:ape00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ape00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ape00061 ape01212 ape01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ape00061 ape01212 ape01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ape00061 ape00071 ape01212 ape01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ape00071 ape01212 ape01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ape00564 ape01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:ape00564 ape01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ape00230 ape01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ape00230 ape01232 ape01240 ape01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ape00230 ape01232 ape01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ape00230 ape00240 ape01232 ape01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ape00230 ape01232 ape01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ape00230 ape01232 ape01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ape00240 ape01232 ape01240 ape01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ape00260 ape00680 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ape00260 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ape00260 ape01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ape00270 ape00920 ape01200 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ape00260 ape00270 ape01230 ape01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:ape00270 ape01230 ape01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ape00270 ape01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ape00290 ape00770 ape01210 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ape00290 ape01230 ape01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:ape00290 ape01210 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ape00280 ape01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:ape00300 ape01230 ape01100]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:ape00300 ape01210 ape01230 ape01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:ape00220 ape01210 ape01230 ape01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ape00220 ape01230 ape01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ape00330 ape01230 ape01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ape00330 ape01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ape01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:ape00400 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:ape00400 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:ape00400 ape01230 ape01100 ape01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:ape00400 ape01230 ape01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ape00480 ape01240 ape01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:ape01250 ape01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:ape01250 ape01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:ape00740 ape01240 ape01100 ape01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ape00750 ape01240 ape01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ape00750 ape01240 ape01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ape00760 ape01240 ape01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:ape00770 ape01240 ape01100 ape01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ape00770 ape01240 ape01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:ape00780 ape01240 ape01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:ape00780 ape01240 ape01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:ape00785 ape01240 ape01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:ape00790 ape00670 ape01240 ape01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ape00790 ape01240 ape01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:ape00860 ape01240 ape01100 ape01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:ape00860 ape01240 ape01100 ape01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:ape00860 ape01240 ape01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:ape00130 ape01240 ape01100 ape01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:ape00900 ape01100 ape01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:ape00900 ape01100 ape01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:ape00521 ape00523 ape01250 ape01100 ape01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00418 Toluene degradation, anaerobic, toluene => benzoyl-CoA [PATH:ape01220 ape01100 ape01120]
M00541 Benzoyl-CoA degradation, benzoyl-CoA => 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA [PATH:ape00362 ape01220 ape01100 ape01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation