KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:aplc00010 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:aplc00010 aplc01200 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:aplc00010 aplc00020 aplc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:aplc00010 aplc00020 aplc00620 aplc00785 aplc01200 aplc01210 aplc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:aplc00020 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:aplc00020 aplc01200 aplc01210 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:aplc00020 aplc01200 aplc01210 aplc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:aplc00030 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:aplc00030 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:aplc00030 aplc01200 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:aplc00030 aplc00230 aplc01200 aplc01230 aplc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:aplc00052 aplc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:aplc00500 aplc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:aplc00500 aplc01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:aplc00520 aplc01250 aplc01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:aplc00520 aplc00052 aplc01250 aplc01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:aplc00520 aplc01250 aplc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:aplc00280 aplc00630 aplc00640 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:aplc00562 aplc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:aplc00562 aplc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:aplc00562 aplc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:aplc00190 aplc01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:aplc00190 aplc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:aplc00190 aplc01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:aplc00190 aplc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:aplc00190 aplc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:aplc00062 aplc01212 aplc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:aplc00062 aplc01040 aplc01212 aplc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:aplc00061 aplc00071 aplc01212 aplc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:aplc00071 aplc01212 aplc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:aplc00561 aplc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:aplc00561 aplc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:aplc00564 aplc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:aplc00564 aplc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:aplc00564 aplc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:aplc00600 aplc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:aplc00600 aplc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:aplc00600 aplc00565 aplc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:aplc00600 aplc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:aplc00600 aplc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:aplc00230 aplc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:aplc00230 aplc01232 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:aplc00230 aplc01232 aplc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:aplc00230 aplc00240 aplc01232 aplc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:aplc00230 aplc01232 aplc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:aplc00230 aplc01232 aplc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:aplc00240 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:aplc00240 aplc01232 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:aplc00240 aplc01232 aplc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:aplc00240 aplc00410 aplc00770 aplc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:aplc00260 aplc01200 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:aplc00260 aplc00630 aplc00785 aplc01200 aplc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:aplc00260 aplc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:aplc00260 aplc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:aplc00260 aplc00270 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:aplc00270 aplc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:aplc00270 aplc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:aplc00280 aplc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:aplc00310 aplc01210 aplc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:aplc00220 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:aplc00220 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:aplc00330 aplc01230 aplc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:aplc00330 aplc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:aplc00330 aplc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:aplc00330 aplc00260 aplc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:aplc00330 aplc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:aplc00330 aplc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:aplc00340 aplc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:aplc00350 aplc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:aplc00380 aplc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:aplc00250 aplc00650 aplc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:aplc00480 aplc01240 aplc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:aplc00510 aplc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:aplc00510 aplc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:aplc00532 aplc00534 aplc01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:aplc00532 aplc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:aplc00531 aplc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:aplc00531 aplc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:aplc00531 aplc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:aplc00531 aplc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:aplc00380 aplc00760 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:aplc00770 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:aplc00785 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:aplc00785 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:aplc00790 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:aplc00670 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:aplc00860 aplc01240 aplc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:aplc00130 aplc01240 aplc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:aplc00900 aplc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:aplc00900 aplc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity