KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:arut00010 arut01200 arut01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:arut00010 arut01200 arut01230 arut01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:arut00010 arut00020 arut01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:arut00010 arut00020 arut00620 arut00785 arut01200 arut01210 arut01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:arut00020 arut01200 arut01210 arut01230 arut01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:arut00030 arut01200 arut01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:arut00030 arut01200 arut01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:arut00030 arut01200 arut01230 arut01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:arut00030 arut00230 arut01200 arut01230 arut01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:arut00040 arut01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:arut00052 arut01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:arut00040 arut00053 arut01240 arut01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:arut00500 arut01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:arut00500 arut01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:arut00520 arut01250 arut01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:arut00520 arut00052 arut01250 arut01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:arut00520 arut01250 arut01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:arut00280 arut00630 arut00640 arut01200 arut01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:arut00562 arut01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:arut00562 arut01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:arut00562 arut01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:arut00190 arut01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:arut00061 arut01212 arut01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:arut00061 arut01212 arut01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:arut00062 arut01212 arut01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:arut00062 arut01040 arut01212 arut01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:arut00061 arut00071 arut01212 arut01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:arut00071 arut01212 arut01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:arut01040 arut01212 arut01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:arut00100 arut01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:arut00100 arut01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:arut00140 arut01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:arut00140 arut01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:arut00140 arut01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:arut00140 arut01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:arut00561 arut01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:arut00561 arut01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:arut00564 arut01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:arut00564 arut01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:arut00564 arut01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:arut00600 arut01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:arut00600 arut01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:arut00600 arut00565 arut01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:arut00600 arut01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:arut00600 arut01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:arut00230 arut01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:arut00230 arut01232 arut01240 arut01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:arut00230 arut01232 arut01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:arut00230 arut00240 arut01232 arut01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:arut00230 arut01232 arut01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:arut00230 arut01232 arut01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:arut00230 arut01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:arut00240 arut01240 arut01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:arut00240 arut01232 arut01240 arut01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:arut00240 arut01232 arut01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:arut00240 arut00410 arut00770 arut01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:arut00260 arut01200 arut01230 arut01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:arut00260 arut00630 arut00785 arut01200 arut01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:arut00260 arut01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:arut00260 arut01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:arut00260 arut00270 arut01230 arut01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:arut00270 arut01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:arut00270 arut01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:arut00280 arut01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:arut00310 arut01210 arut01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:arut00220 arut01230 arut01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:arut00220 arut01230 arut01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:arut00330 arut01230 arut01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:arut00330 arut01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:arut00330 arut01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:arut00330 arut00260 arut01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:arut00330 arut01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:arut00330 arut01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:arut00340 arut01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:arut00350 arut01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:arut00350 arut01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:arut00350 arut01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:arut00380 arut01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:arut00380 arut01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:arut00250 arut00650 arut01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:arut00480 arut01240 arut01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:arut00510 arut01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:arut00510 arut01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:arut00510 arut01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:arut00515 arut01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:arut00563 arut01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:arut00601 arut01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:arut00601 arut01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:arut00604 arut01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:arut00532 arut00534 arut01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:arut00532 arut01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:arut00534 arut01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:arut00531 arut01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:arut00531 arut01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:arut00531 arut01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:arut00531 arut01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:arut00380 arut00760 arut01240 arut01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:arut00770 arut01240 arut01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:arut00785 arut01240 arut01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:arut00785 arut01240 arut01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:arut00790 arut01240 arut01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:arut00790 arut01240 arut01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:arut00670 arut01240 arut01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:arut00860 arut01240 arut01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:arut00130 arut01240 arut01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:arut00900 arut01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:arut00900 arut01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity