KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cabi00010 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cabi00010 cabi01200 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cabi00010 cabi00020 cabi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cabi00010 cabi00020 cabi00620 cabi00785 cabi01200 cabi01210 cabi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cabi00020 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cabi00020 cabi01200 cabi01210 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cabi00020 cabi01200 cabi01210 cabi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cabi00030 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cabi00030 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cabi00030 cabi01200 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cabi00030 cabi00230 cabi01200 cabi01230 cabi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cabi00040 cabi01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cabi00052 cabi01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:cabi00040 cabi00053 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cabi00500 cabi01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cabi00500 cabi01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cabi00520 cabi01250 cabi01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cabi00520 cabi00052 cabi01250 cabi01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cabi00520 cabi01250 cabi01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cabi00280 cabi00630 cabi00640 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cabi00562 cabi01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cabi00562 cabi01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cabi00562 cabi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cabi00190 cabi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cabi00061 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cabi00061 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cabi00061 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cabi00062 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cabi00062 cabi01040 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cabi00061 cabi00071 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cabi00071 cabi01212 cabi01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cabi01040 cabi01212 cabi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:cabi00100 cabi01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00100 cabi01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cabi00120 cabi01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cabi00140 cabi01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cabi00140 cabi01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cabi00140 cabi01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cabi00140 cabi01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cabi00140 cabi01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00561 cabi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cabi00561 cabi01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cabi00564 cabi01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cabi00564 cabi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cabi00564 cabi01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00600 cabi01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00600 cabi01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cabi00600 cabi00565 cabi01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00600 cabi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cabi00600 cabi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cabi00230 cabi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cabi00230 cabi01232 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cabi00230 cabi01232 cabi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cabi00230 cabi00240 cabi01232 cabi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cabi00230 cabi01232 cabi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cabi00230 cabi01232 cabi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cabi00240 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cabi00240 cabi01232 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cabi00240 cabi01232 cabi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cabi00240 cabi00410 cabi00770 cabi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cabi00260 cabi01200 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cabi00260 cabi00630 cabi00785 cabi01200 cabi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cabi00260 cabi01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:cabi00260 cabi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cabi00260 cabi00270 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cabi00270 cabi01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cabi00270 cabi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cabi00280 cabi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cabi00310 cabi01210 cabi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cabi00220 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cabi00220 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cabi00330 cabi01230 cabi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cabi00330 cabi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cabi00330 cabi01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cabi00330 cabi00260 cabi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cabi00330 cabi01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cabi00330 cabi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cabi00340 cabi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cabi00350 cabi01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cabi00350 cabi01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cabi00350 cabi01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cabi00380 cabi01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cabi00380 cabi01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cabi00250 cabi00650 cabi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cabi00480 cabi01240 cabi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cabi00510 cabi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cabi00510 cabi01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cabi00510 cabi01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cabi00515 cabi01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cabi00601 cabi01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cabi00601 cabi01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cabi00603 cabi01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cabi00604 cabi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cabi00532 cabi00534 cabi01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cabi00532 cabi01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cabi00534 cabi01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cabi00531 cabi01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cabi00531 cabi01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cabi00531 cabi01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cabi00531 cabi01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cabi00380 cabi00760 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cabi00790 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cabi00790 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cabi00670 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cabi00860 cabi01240 cabi01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cabi00130 cabi01240 cabi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cabi00900 cabi01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cabi00900 cabi01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity