KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cel00010 cel01200 cel01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cel00010 cel01200 cel01230 cel01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cel00010 cel00020 cel01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cel00010 cel00020 cel00620 cel00785 cel01200 cel01210 cel01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cel00020 cel01200 cel01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cel00020 cel01200 cel01210 cel01230 cel01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cel00020 cel01200 cel01210 cel01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cel00030 cel01200 cel01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cel00030 cel01200 cel01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cel00030 cel01200 cel01230 cel01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cel00030 cel00230 cel01200 cel01230 cel01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:cel00030 cel01200 cel01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:cel00040 cel00030 cel01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cel00052 cel01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cel00500 cel01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cel00500 cel01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:cel00500 cel01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cel00520 cel01250 cel01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cel00520 cel00052 cel01250 cel01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cel00520 cel01250 cel01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cel00520 cel01250 cel01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:cel00630 cel01200 cel01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cel00280 cel00630 cel00640 cel01200 cel01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cel00562 cel01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:cel00620 cel01200 cel01100]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:cel00430 cel00620 cel01200 cel01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:cel00910 cel01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:cel00920 cel01100]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cel00190 cel01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cel00061 cel01212 cel01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cel00061 cel01212 cel01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cel00062 cel01212 cel01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cel00062 cel01040 cel01212 cel01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cel00061 cel00071 cel01212 cel01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cel00071 cel01212 cel01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cel00561 cel01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cel00564 cel01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:cel00564 cel01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cel00600 cel01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cel00600 cel01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cel00600 cel01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cel00230 cel01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cel00230 cel01232 cel01240 cel01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cel00230 cel01232 cel01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cel00230 cel00240 cel01232 cel01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cel00230 cel01232 cel01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cel00230 cel01232 cel01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cel00240 cel01240 cel01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cel00240 cel01232 cel01240 cel01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cel00240 cel01232 cel01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cel00240 cel00410 cel00770 cel01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cel00260 cel01200 cel01230 cel01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:cel00260 cel01230 cel01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cel00260 cel00630 cel00785 cel01200 cel01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cel00260 cel01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:cel00260 cel01210 cel01230 cel01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:cel00270 cel00920 cel01200 cel01230 cel01100]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cel00260 cel00270 cel01230 cel01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:cel00270 cel01230 cel01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cel00270 cel01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cel00270 cel01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cel00290 cel00770 cel01210 cel01230 cel01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cel00290 cel01230 cel01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:cel00290 cel01210 cel01230 cel01100]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cel00280 cel01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cel01230 cel01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:cel00220 cel01210 cel01230 cel01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cel00220 cel01230 cel01100]
M00978 Ornithine-ammonia cycle [PATH:cel00220 cel01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cel00330 cel01230 cel01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cel00330 cel01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cel00330 cel01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cel00330 cel01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:cel00340 cel01230 cel01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:cel00400 cel01230 cel01100]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:cel00400 cel01230 cel01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cel00350 cel01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cel00380 cel01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cel00250 cel00650 cel01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cel00480 cel01240 cel01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cel00510 cel01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cel00510 cel01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cel00532 cel00534 cel01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cel00534 cel01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:cel01250 cel01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cel00730 cel01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cel00750 cel01240 cel01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cel00760 cel01240 cel01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:cel00770 cel01240 cel01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cel00770 cel01240 cel01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:cel00780 cel01240 cel01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:cel00785 cel01240 cel01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cel00785 cel01240 cel01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cel00785 cel01240 cel01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:cel00790 cel00670 cel01240 cel01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cel00790 cel01240 cel01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cel00670 cel01240 cel01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:cel00860 cel01240 cel01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:cel00860 cel01240 cel01100]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:cel00860 cel01240 cel01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:cel00130 cel01240 cel01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cel00130 cel01240 cel01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cel00900 cel01100]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:cel00900 cel01100]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:cel00900 cel01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:cel01250 cel01100]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation