KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cgib00010 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cgib00010 cgib01200 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cgib00010 cgib00020 cgib01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cgib00010 cgib00020 cgib00620 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cgib00020 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cgib00020 cgib01200 cgib01210 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cgib00020 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cgib00030 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cgib00030 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cgib00030 cgib01200 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cgib00030 cgib00230 cgib01200 cgib01230 cgib01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cgib00040 cgib01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cgib00052 cgib01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cgib00500 cgib01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cgib00500 cgib01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cgib00520 cgib01250 cgib01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cgib00520 cgib00052 cgib01250 cgib01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cgib00520 cgib01250 cgib01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cgib00280 cgib00630 cgib00640 cgib01200 cgib01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cgib00562 cgib01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cgib00562 cgib01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cgib00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cgib00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cgib00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cgib00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cgib00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cgib00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cgib00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:cgib00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cgib00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cgib00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cgib00061 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cgib00061 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cgib00061 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cgib00062 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cgib00062 cgib01040 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cgib00061 cgib00071 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cgib00071 cgib01212 cgib01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cgib01040 cgib01212 cgib01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:cgib00100 cgib01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00100 cgib01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cgib00140 cgib01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cgib00140 cgib01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cgib00140 cgib01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00561 cgib01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cgib00561 cgib01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cgib00564 cgib01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cgib00564 cgib01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cgib00564 cgib01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00600 cgib01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00600 cgib01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cgib00600 cgib00565 cgib01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00600 cgib01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cgib00600 cgib01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01232 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01232 cgib01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cgib00230 cgib00240 cgib01232 cgib01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01232 cgib01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01232 cgib01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:cgib00230 cgib01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cgib00240 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cgib00240 cgib01232 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cgib00240 cgib01232 cgib01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cgib00240 cgib00410 cgib00770 cgib01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cgib00260 cgib01200 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cgib00260 cgib00630 cgib01200 cgib01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cgib00260 cgib00270 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cgib00270 cgib01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cgib00270 cgib01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cgib00280 cgib01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cgib00310 cgib01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cgib00220 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cgib00220 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cgib00330 cgib01230 cgib01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cgib00330 cgib01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cgib00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cgib00330 cgib01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cgib00330 cgib01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cgib00330 cgib01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cgib00340 cgib01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cgib00350 cgib01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cgib00350 cgib01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cgib00350 cgib01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cgib00380 cgib01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cgib00380 cgib01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cgib00250 cgib00650 cgib01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cgib00480 cgib01240 cgib01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cgib00510 cgib01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cgib00510 cgib01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cgib00510 cgib01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cgib00515 cgib01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:cgib00563 cgib01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cgib00601 cgib01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cgib00601 cgib01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cgib00604 cgib01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cgib00532 cgib00534 cgib01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cgib00532 cgib01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cgib00534 cgib01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cgib00531 cgib01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cgib00531 cgib01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cgib00531 cgib01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cgib00531 cgib01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cgib00770 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cgib00785 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cgib00785 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cgib00790 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cgib00790 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cgib00670 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cgib00860 cgib01240 cgib01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cgib00130 cgib01240 cgib01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cgib00900 cgib01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cgib00900 cgib01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity