KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cimi00010 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cimi00010 cimi01200 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cimi00010 cimi00020 cimi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cimi00010 cimi00020 cimi00620 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cimi00020 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cimi00020 cimi01200 cimi01210 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cimi00020 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cimi00030 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cimi00030 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cimi00030 cimi01200 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cimi00030 cimi00230 cimi01200 cimi01230 cimi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:cimi00040 cimi01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cimi00052 cimi01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cimi00500 cimi01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cimi00500 cimi01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cimi00520 cimi01250 cimi01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cimi00520 cimi00052 cimi01250 cimi01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cimi00520 cimi01250 cimi01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cimi00280 cimi00630 cimi00640 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cimi00562 cimi01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cimi00562 cimi01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cimi00562 cimi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cimi00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cimi00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cimi00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cimi00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cimi00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cimi00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cimi00061 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cimi00061 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cimi00061 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cimi00062 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cimi00062 cimi01040 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cimi00061 cimi00071 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cimi00071 cimi01212 cimi01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cimi01040 cimi01212 cimi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:cimi00100 cimi01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00100 cimi01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH:cimi00120 cimi01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:cimi00120 cimi01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:cimi00120 cimi01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cimi00140 cimi01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:cimi00140 cimi01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cimi00140 cimi01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00561 cimi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cimi00561 cimi01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cimi00564 cimi01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cimi00564 cimi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cimi00564 cimi01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00600 cimi01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00600 cimi01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cimi00600 cimi00565 cimi01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00600 cimi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cimi00600 cimi01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cimi00230 cimi01232 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cimi00230 cimi01232 cimi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cimi00230 cimi00240 cimi01232 cimi01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cimi00230 cimi01232 cimi01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cimi00230 cimi01232 cimi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cimi00240 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cimi00240 cimi01232 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cimi00240 cimi01232 cimi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cimi00240 cimi00410 cimi00770 cimi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cimi00260 cimi01200 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cimi00260 cimi00630 cimi01200 cimi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cimi00260 cimi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cimi00260 cimi00270 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cimi00270 cimi01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cimi00270 cimi01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cimi00280 cimi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cimi00310 cimi01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cimi00220 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cimi00220 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01230 cimi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cimi00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cimi00330 cimi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cimi00340 cimi01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cimi00350 cimi01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cimi00350 cimi01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cimi00350 cimi01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cimi00380 cimi01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cimi00380 cimi01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cimi00250 cimi00650 cimi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cimi00480 cimi01240 cimi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cimi00510 cimi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cimi00510 cimi01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cimi00510 cimi01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:cimi00512 cimi01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:cimi00515 cimi01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cimi00601 cimi01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cimi00601 cimi01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:cimi00603 cimi01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:cimi00604 cimi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cimi00532 cimi00534 cimi01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cimi00532 cimi01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cimi00534 cimi01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cimi00531 cimi01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cimi00531 cimi01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cimi00531 cimi01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cimi00531 cimi01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cimi00380 cimi00760 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cimi00770 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cimi00785 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cimi00785 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cimi00790 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cimi00790 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cimi00670 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cimi00860 cimi01240 cimi01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:cimi00130 cimi01240 cimi01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cimi00900 cimi01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cimi00900 cimi01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity