KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cmax00010 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cmax00010 cmax01200 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cmax00010 cmax00020 cmax01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cmax00010 cmax00020 cmax00620 cmax00785 cmax01200 cmax01210 cmax01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cmax00020 cmax01200 cmax01210 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cmax00030 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cmax00030 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cmax00030 cmax01200 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cmax00030 cmax00230 cmax01200 cmax01230 cmax01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:cmax00040 cmax01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:cmax00051 cmax00053 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cmax00500 cmax01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cmax00520 cmax01250 cmax01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cmax00520 cmax01250 cmax01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:cmax00630 cmax01200 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:cmax00630 cmax01200 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cmax00562 cmax01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:cmax00620 cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:cmax00620 cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:cmax00620 cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:cmax00710 cmax01200 cmax01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:cmax00910 cmax01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:cmax00920 cmax01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:cmax00195 cmax01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:cmax00195 cmax01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:cmax00190 cmax01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:cmax00190 cmax00195 cmax01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cmax00061 cmax01212 cmax01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cmax00061 cmax01212 cmax01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cmax00062 cmax01040 cmax01212 cmax01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cmax00061 cmax00071 cmax01212 cmax01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cmax00071 cmax01212 cmax01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:cmax00100 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cmax00561 cmax01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cmax00561 cmax01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cmax00564 cmax01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cmax00600 cmax01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:cmax00592 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:cmax00230 cmax01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cmax00230 cmax01232 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cmax00230 cmax01232 cmax01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cmax00230 cmax00240 cmax01232 cmax01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cmax00240 cmax01232 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cmax00240 cmax01232 cmax01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:cmax00240 cmax00410 cmax00770 cmax01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cmax00260 cmax01200 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:cmax00260 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cmax00260 cmax00630 cmax00785 cmax01200 cmax01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cmax00260 cmax01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:cmax00270 cmax00920 cmax01200 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cmax00270 cmax01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:cmax00270 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cmax00290 cmax00770 cmax01210 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:cmax00290 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:cmax00290 cmax01210 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cmax00280 cmax01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:cmax00300 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:cmax00220 cmax01210 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cmax00220 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cmax00330 cmax01230 cmax01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cmax00330 cmax01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cmax00330 cmax01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cmax00330 cmax01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:cmax00340 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:cmax00400 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:cmax00400 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:cmax00400 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:cmax00400 cmax01230 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cmax00350 cmax01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cmax00250 cmax00650 cmax01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cmax00480 cmax01240 cmax01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cmax00510 cmax01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cmax00510 cmax01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:cmax00730 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:cmax00730 cmax01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:cmax00740 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:cmax00750 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cmax00760 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cmax00770 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:cmax00780 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:cmax00785 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cmax00785 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:cmax00790 cmax00670 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cmax00790 cmax01240 cmax01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:cmax00860 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:cmax00130 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:cmax00130 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:cmax00130 cmax01240 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cmax00900 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:cmax00900 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:cmax00900 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:cmax00906 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:cmax00906 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:cmax00905 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:cmax00904 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:cmax00904 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:cmax00940 cmax01100 cmax01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:cmax00940 cmax00941 cmax01100 cmax01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation