KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:cud00010 cud01200 cud01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:cud00010 cud01200 cud01230 cud01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:cud00010 cud00020 cud01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:cud00010 cud00020 cud00620 cud00785 cud01200 cud01210 cud01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:cud00020 cud01200 cud01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:cud00020 cud01200 cud01210 cud01230 cud01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:cud00020 cud01200 cud01210 cud01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:cud00030 cud01200 cud01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:cud00030 cud01200 cud01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:cud00030 cud01200 cud01230 cud01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:cud00030 cud00230 cud01200 cud01230 cud01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:cud00052 cud01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:cud00500 cud01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:cud00500 cud01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:cud00520 cud01250 cud01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:cud00520 cud00052 cud01250 cud01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:cud00520 cud01250 cud01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:cud00280 cud00630 cud00640 cud01200 cud01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:cud00562 cud01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:cud00562 cud01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:cud00562 cud01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:cud00190 cud01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:cud00061 cud01212 cud01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:cud00061 cud01212 cud01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:cud00061 cud01212 cud01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:cud00062 cud01212 cud01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:cud00062 cud01040 cud01212 cud01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:cud00061 cud00071 cud01212 cud01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:cud00071 cud01212 cud01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:cud01040 cud01212 cud01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:cud00100 cud01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:cud00140 cud01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:cud00140 cud01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:cud00140 cud01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:cud00140 cud01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:cud00561 cud01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:cud00561 cud01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:cud00564 cud01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:cud00564 cud01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:cud00564 cud01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cud00600 cud01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:cud00600 cud01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:cud00600 cud00565 cud01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:cud00600 cud01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:cud00600 cud01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:cud00230 cud01232 cud01240 cud01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:cud00230 cud01232 cud01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:cud00230 cud00240 cud01232 cud01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:cud00230 cud01232 cud01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:cud00230 cud01232 cud01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:cud00230 cud01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:cud00240 cud01240 cud01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:cud00240 cud01232 cud01240 cud01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:cud00240 cud01232 cud01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:cud00260 cud01200 cud01230 cud01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:cud00260 cud00630 cud00670 cud00785 cud01200 cud01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:cud00260 cud00670 cud01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:cud00260 cud00670 cud01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:cud00260 cud00270 cud00670 cud01230 cud01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:cud00270 cud01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:cud00270 cud00670 cud01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:cud00280 cud01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:cud00310 cud01210 cud01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:cud00220 cud01230 cud01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:cud00220 cud01230 cud01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:cud00330 cud01230 cud01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:cud00330 cud01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:cud00330 cud01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:cud00330 cud00260 cud01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:cud00330 cud01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:cud00330 cud01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:cud00340 cud01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:cud00350 cud01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:cud00350 cud01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:cud00350 cud01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:cud00380 cud01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:cud00380 cud01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:cud00250 cud00650 cud01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:cud00480 cud01240 cud01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:cud00510 cud01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:cud00510 cud01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:cud00510 cud01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:cud00563]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:cud00601 cud01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:cud00601 cud01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:cud00532 cud00534 cud01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:cud00532 cud01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:cud00534 cud01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:cud00531 cud01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:cud00531 cud01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:cud00531 cud01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:cud00531 cud01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:cud00380 cud00760 cud01240 cud01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:cud00770 cud01240 cud01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:cud00785 cud01240 cud01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:cud00785 cud01240 cud01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:cud00790 cud01240 cud01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:cud00790 cud01240 cud01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:cud00670 cud01240 cud01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:cud00860 cud01240 cud01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:cud00130 cud01240 cud01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:cud00900 cud01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:cud00900 cud01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity