KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:gas00010 gas01200 gas01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:gas00010 gas01200 gas01230 gas01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:gas00010 gas00020 gas01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:gas00010 gas00020 gas00620 gas00785 gas01200 gas01210 gas01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:gas00020 gas01200 gas01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:gas00020 gas01200 gas01210 gas01230 gas01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:gas00020 gas01200 gas01210 gas01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:gas00030 gas01200 gas01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:gas00030 gas01200 gas01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:gas00030 gas01200 gas01230 gas01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:gas00030 gas00230 gas01200 gas01230 gas01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:gas00040 gas01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:gas00052 gas01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:gas00040 gas00053 gas01240 gas01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:gas00500 gas01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:gas00500 gas01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:gas00280 gas00630 gas00640 gas01200 gas01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:gas00562 gas01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:gas00562 gas01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:gas00562 gas01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:gas00190 gas01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:gas00061 gas01212 gas01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:gas00061 gas01212 gas01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:gas00061 gas01212 gas01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:gas00062 gas01212 gas01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:gas00062 gas01040 gas01212 gas01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:gas00061 gas00071 gas01212 gas01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:gas00071 gas01212 gas01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:gas01040 gas01212 gas01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:gas00100 gas01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:gas00120 gas01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:gas00120 gas01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:gas00140 gas01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:gas00140 gas01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:gas00140 gas01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:gas00140 gas01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:gas00561 gas01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:gas00561 gas01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:gas00564 gas01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:gas00564 gas01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:gas00564 gas01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:gas00600 gas01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:gas00600 gas01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:gas00600 gas00565 gas01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:gas00600 gas01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:gas00600 gas01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:gas00230 gas01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:gas00230 gas01232 gas01240 gas01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:gas00230 gas01232 gas01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:gas00230 gas00240 gas01232 gas01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:gas00230 gas01232 gas01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:gas00230 gas01232 gas01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:gas00240 gas01240 gas01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:gas00240 gas01232 gas01240 gas01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:gas00240 gas01232 gas01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gas00260 gas01200 gas01230 gas01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gas00260 gas00630 gas00670 gas00785 gas01200 gas01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gas00260 gas00670 gas01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:gas00260 gas00670 gas01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:gas00260 gas00270 gas00670 gas01230 gas01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gas00270 gas01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:gas00270 gas00670 gas01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:gas00280 gas01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:gas00310 gas01210 gas01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:gas00220 gas01230 gas01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:gas00220 gas01230 gas01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:gas00330 gas01230 gas01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:gas00330 gas01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:gas00330 gas01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:gas00330 gas00260 gas01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:gas00330 gas01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:gas00330 gas01100]

Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:gas00350 gas01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:gas00350 gas01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:gas00350 gas01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:gas00380 gas01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:gas00380 gas01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:gas00250 gas00650 gas01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gas00480 gas01240 gas01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:gas00520 gas01250 gas01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:gas00520 gas00052 gas01250 gas01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:gas00520 gas01250 gas01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:gas00510 gas01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:gas00510 gas01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:gas00510 gas01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:gas00515 gas01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:gas00563 gas01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:gas00563 gas01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:gas00601 gas01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:gas00601 gas01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:gas00603 gas01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:gas00532 gas00534 gas01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:gas00532 gas01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:gas00534 gas01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:gas00531 gas01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:gas00531 gas01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:gas00531 gas01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:gas00531 gas01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:gas00380 gas00760 gas01240 gas01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:gas00770 gas01240 gas01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:gas00790 gas01240 gas01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:gas00670 gas01240 gas01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:gas00860 gas01240 gas01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:gas00130 gas01240 gas01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:gas00900 gas01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:gas00900 gas01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity