KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ghi00010 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ghi00010 ghi01200 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ghi00010 ghi00020 ghi01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ghi00010 ghi00020 ghi00620 ghi00785 ghi01200 ghi01210 ghi01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ghi00020 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ghi00020 ghi01200 ghi01210 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ghi00020 ghi01200 ghi01210 ghi01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ghi00030 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ghi00030 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ghi00030 ghi01200 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ghi00030 ghi00230 ghi01200 ghi01230 ghi01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:ghi00040 ghi01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:ghi00051 ghi00053 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ghi00500 ghi01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ghi00520 ghi01250 ghi01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ghi00520 ghi01250 ghi01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:ghi00630 ghi01200 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:ghi00630 ghi01200 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ghi00562 ghi01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:ghi00620 ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:ghi00620 ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:ghi00620 ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:ghi00710 ghi01200 ghi01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:ghi00910 ghi01310 ghi01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00987 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, plants, sulfate => H2S [PATH:ghi00920]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:ghi00195 ghi01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:ghi00195 ghi01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:ghi00190 ghi01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ghi00190 ghi01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ghi00190 ghi01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ghi00190 ghi01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:ghi00190 ghi00195 ghi01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ghi00061 ghi01212 ghi01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ghi00061 ghi01212 ghi01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ghi00062 ghi01040 ghi01212 ghi01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ghi00061 ghi00071 ghi01212 ghi01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ghi00071 ghi01212 ghi01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:ghi00100 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ghi00561 ghi01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ghi00561 ghi01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ghi00564 ghi01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ghi00600 ghi01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:ghi00592 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ghi00230 ghi01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ghi00230 ghi01232 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ghi00230 ghi01232 ghi01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ghi00230 ghi00240 ghi01232 ghi01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ghi00240 ghi01232 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ghi00240 ghi01232 ghi01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ghi00240 ghi00410 ghi00770 ghi01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ghi00260 ghi01200 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:ghi00260 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ghi00260 ghi00630 ghi00670 ghi00785 ghi01200 ghi01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ghi00260 ghi00670 ghi01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ghi00270 ghi00920 ghi01200 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ghi00270 ghi01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:ghi00270 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ghi00290 ghi00770 ghi01210 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:ghi00290 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:ghi00290 ghi01210 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ghi00280 ghi01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:ghi00300 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:ghi00220 ghi01210 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ghi00220 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ghi00330 ghi01230 ghi01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ghi00330 ghi01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ghi00330 ghi01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ghi00330 ghi01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:ghi00340 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:ghi00400 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:ghi00400 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:ghi00400 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:ghi00400 ghi01230 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ghi00350 ghi01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ghi00380 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ghi00250 ghi00650 ghi01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ghi00480 ghi01240 ghi01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ghi00510 ghi01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ghi00510 ghi01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:ghi00730 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:ghi00730 ghi01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:ghi00740 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:ghi00750 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ghi00760 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ghi00770 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:ghi00780 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:ghi00785 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ghi00785 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:ghi00790 ghi00670 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ghi00790 ghi01240 ghi01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:ghi00860 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:ghi00130 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:ghi00130 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:ghi00130 ghi01240 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ghi00900 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:ghi00900 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:ghi00900 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:ghi00906 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:ghi00906 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:ghi00905 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:ghi00904 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:ghi00904 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:ghi00940 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:ghi00940 ghi00941 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:ghi00941 ghi01100 ghi01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:ghi00941 ghi01100 ghi01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation