KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:gmx00010 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:gmx00010 gmx01200 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:gmx00010 gmx00020 gmx01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:gmx00010 gmx00020 gmx00620 gmx00785 gmx01200 gmx01210 gmx01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:gmx00020 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:gmx00020 gmx01200 gmx01210 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:gmx00020 gmx01200 gmx01210 gmx01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:gmx00030 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:gmx00030 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:gmx00030 gmx01200 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:gmx00030 gmx00230 gmx01200 gmx01230 gmx01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:gmx00040 gmx01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:gmx00051 gmx00053 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:gmx00500 gmx01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:gmx00520 gmx01250 gmx01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:gmx00520 gmx01250 gmx01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:gmx00630 gmx01200 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00532 Photorespiration [PATH:gmx00630 gmx01200 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:gmx00562 gmx01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:gmx00620 gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:gmx00620 gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:gmx00620 gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:gmx00710 gmx01200 gmx01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:gmx00910 gmx01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:gmx00920 gmx01100]

Photosynthesis
M00161 Photosystem II [PATH:gmx00195 gmx01100]
M00163 Photosystem I [PATH:gmx00195 gmx01100]

ATP synthesis
M00145 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, chloroplasts and cyanobacteria [PATH:gmx00190 gmx01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:gmx00190 gmx01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:gmx00190 gmx01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:gmx00190 gmx01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:gmx00190 gmx01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:gmx00190 gmx00195 gmx01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:gmx00061 gmx01212 gmx01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:gmx00061 gmx01212 gmx01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:gmx00062 gmx01040 gmx01212 gmx01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:gmx00061 gmx00071 gmx01212 gmx01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:gmx00071 gmx01212 gmx01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:gmx00100 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:gmx00561 gmx01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:gmx00561 gmx01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:gmx00564 gmx01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:gmx00600 gmx01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:gmx00592 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:gmx00230 gmx01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:gmx00230 gmx01232 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:gmx00230 gmx01232 gmx01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:gmx00230 gmx00240 gmx01232 gmx01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:gmx00240 gmx01232 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:gmx00240 gmx01232 gmx01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:gmx00240 gmx00410 gmx00770 gmx01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gmx00260 gmx01200 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:gmx00260 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gmx00260 gmx00630 gmx00785 gmx01200 gmx01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gmx00260 gmx01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:gmx00270 gmx00920 gmx01200 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gmx00270 gmx01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:gmx00270 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gmx00290 gmx00770 gmx01210 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:gmx00290 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:gmx00290 gmx01210 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:gmx00280 gmx01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:gmx00300 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:gmx00220 gmx01210 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:gmx00220 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:gmx00330 gmx01230 gmx01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:gmx00330 gmx01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:gmx00330 gmx01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:gmx00330 gmx01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:gmx00340 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:gmx00400 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:gmx00400 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:gmx00400 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:gmx00400 gmx01230 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:gmx00350 gmx01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:gmx00250 gmx00650 gmx01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gmx00480 gmx01240 gmx01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:gmx00510 gmx01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:gmx00510 gmx01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:gmx00563 gmx01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:gmx00730 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:gmx00730 gmx01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:gmx00740 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:gmx00750 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:gmx00760 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:gmx00770 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:gmx00780 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:gmx00785 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:gmx00785 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:gmx00790 gmx00670 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:gmx00790 gmx01240 gmx01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:gmx00860 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:gmx00130 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:gmx00130 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:gmx00130 gmx01240 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:gmx00900 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:gmx00900 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:gmx00900 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:gmx00906 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:gmx00906 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:gmx00905 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:gmx00904 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12/GA53 => GA4/GA1 [PATH:gmx00904 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:gmx00940 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:gmx00940 gmx00941 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00940 Flavanone biosynthesis, p-coumaroyl-CoA => liquiritigenin [PATH:gmx00941 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:gmx00941 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00941 Isoflavone biosynthesis, liquiritigenin/naringenin => daidzein/genistein [PATH:gmx00943 gmx01100 gmx01110]
M00942 Pterocarpan biosynthesis, daidzein => medicarpin [PATH:gmx00943 gmx01100 gmx01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00611 Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria
M00615 Nitrate assimilation