KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:hrf00010 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:hrf00010 hrf01200 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:hrf00010 hrf00020 hrf01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:hrf00010 hrf00020 hrf00620 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:hrf00020 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:hrf00020 hrf01200 hrf01210 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:hrf00020 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:hrf00030 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:hrf00030 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:hrf00030 hrf01200 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:hrf00030 hrf00230 hrf01200 hrf01230 hrf01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:hrf00052 hrf01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:hrf00500 hrf01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:hrf00500 hrf01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:hrf00520 hrf01250 hrf01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:hrf00520 hrf00052 hrf01250 hrf01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:hrf00520 hrf01250 hrf01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:hrf00280 hrf00630 hrf00640 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:hrf00562 hrf01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:hrf00562 hrf01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:hrf00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:hrf00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:hrf00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:hrf00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:hrf00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:hrf00061 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:hrf00061 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:hrf00062 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:hrf00062 hrf01040 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:hrf00061 hrf00071 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:hrf00071 hrf01212 hrf01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:hrf01040 hrf01212 hrf01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:hrf00561 hrf01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:hrf00561 hrf01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:hrf00564 hrf01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:hrf00564 hrf01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:hrf00564 hrf01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hrf00600 hrf01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:hrf00600 hrf01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:hrf00600 hrf00565 hrf01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:hrf00600 hrf01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:hrf00600 hrf01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:hrf00230 hrf01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:hrf00230 hrf01232 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:hrf00230 hrf01232 hrf01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:hrf00230 hrf00240 hrf01232 hrf01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:hrf00230 hrf01232 hrf01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:hrf00230 hrf01232 hrf01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:hrf00240 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:hrf00240 hrf01232 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:hrf00240 hrf01232 hrf01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:hrf00240 hrf00410 hrf00770 hrf01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hrf00260 hrf00630 hrf01200 hrf01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hrf00260 hrf01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hrf00260 hrf00270 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hrf00270 hrf01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:hrf00270 hrf01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:hrf00280 hrf01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:hrf00310 hrf01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:hrf00220 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:hrf00220 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:hrf00330 hrf01230 hrf01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:hrf00330 hrf01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:hrf00330]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:hrf00330 hrf01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:hrf00330 hrf01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:hrf00340 hrf01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:hrf00350 hrf01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:hrf00380 hrf01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:hrf00250 hrf00650 hrf01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:hrf00480 hrf01240 hrf01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:hrf00510 hrf01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:hrf00512 hrf01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:hrf00532 hrf00534 hrf01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:hrf00532 hrf01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:hrf00534 hrf01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:hrf00531 hrf01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:hrf00531 hrf01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:hrf00531 hrf01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:hrf00531 hrf01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:hrf00750 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:hrf00380 hrf00760 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:hrf00770 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:hrf00785 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:hrf00785 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:hrf00790 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:hrf00790 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:hrf00670 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:hrf00860 hrf01240 hrf01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:hrf00130 hrf01240 hrf01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:hrf00900 hrf01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:hrf00900 hrf01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity