KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ifu00010 ifu01200 ifu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ifu00010 ifu01200 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ifu00010 ifu00020 ifu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ifu00010 ifu00020 ifu00620 ifu00785 ifu01200 ifu01210 ifu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ifu00020 ifu01200 ifu01210 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ifu00030 ifu01200 ifu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ifu00030 ifu01200 ifu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ifu00030 ifu01200 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ifu00030 ifu00230 ifu01200 ifu01230 ifu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ifu00040 ifu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ifu00052 ifu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ifu00500 ifu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ifu00500 ifu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ifu00520 ifu01250 ifu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ifu00520 ifu00052 ifu01250 ifu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ifu00520 ifu01250 ifu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ifu00280 ifu00630 ifu00640 ifu01200 ifu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ifu00562 ifu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ifu00562 ifu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ifu00562 ifu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ifu00190 ifu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ifu00061 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ifu00061 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ifu00062 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ifu00062 ifu01040 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ifu00061 ifu00071 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ifu00071 ifu01212 ifu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ifu01040 ifu01212 ifu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:ifu00100 ifu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00100 ifu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ifu00140 ifu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ifu00140 ifu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:ifu00140 ifu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00561 ifu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ifu00561 ifu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ifu00564 ifu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ifu00564 ifu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ifu00564 ifu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00600 ifu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00600 ifu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ifu00600 ifu00565 ifu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00600 ifu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ifu00600 ifu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01232 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01232 ifu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ifu00230 ifu00240 ifu01232 ifu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01232 ifu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01232 ifu01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:ifu00230 ifu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ifu00240 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ifu00240 ifu01232 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ifu00240 ifu01232 ifu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ifu00240 ifu00410 ifu00770 ifu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ifu00260 ifu01200 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ifu00260 ifu00630 ifu00785 ifu01200 ifu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ifu00260 ifu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ifu00260 ifu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ifu00260 ifu00270 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ifu00270 ifu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ifu00270 ifu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ifu00280 ifu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ifu00310 ifu01210 ifu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ifu00220 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ifu00220 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ifu00330 ifu01230 ifu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ifu00330 ifu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ifu00330 ifu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ifu00330 ifu00260 ifu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ifu00330 ifu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ifu00330 ifu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ifu00340 ifu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ifu00350 ifu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ifu00350 ifu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ifu00380 ifu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ifu00380 ifu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ifu00250 ifu00650 ifu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ifu00480 ifu01240 ifu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ifu00510 ifu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ifu00510 ifu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ifu00510 ifu01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ifu00515 ifu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ifu00563 ifu01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ifu00601 ifu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ifu00601 ifu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ifu00604 ifu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ifu00532 ifu00534 ifu01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ifu00532 ifu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ifu00534 ifu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ifu00531 ifu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ifu00531 ifu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ifu00531 ifu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ifu00531 ifu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ifu00770 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ifu00785 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ifu00785 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ifu00790 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ifu00790 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ifu00670 ifu01240 ifu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ifu00130 ifu01240 ifu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ifu00900 ifu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ifu00900 ifu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity