KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:koo00010 koo01200 koo01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:koo00010 koo01200 koo01230 koo01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:koo00010 koo00020 koo01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:koo00010 koo00020 koo00620 koo01200 koo01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:koo00020 koo01200 koo01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:koo00020 koo01200 koo01210 koo01230 koo01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:koo00020 koo01200 koo01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:koo00030 koo01200 koo01100 koo01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:koo00030 koo01200 koo01100 koo01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:koo00030 koo01200 koo01230 koo01100 koo01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:koo00030 koo00230 koo01200 koo01230 koo01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:koo00030 koo01200 koo01100 koo01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:koo00040 koo00030 koo01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:koo00040 koo00030 koo01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:koo00052 koo01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:koo00500 koo01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:koo00500 koo01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:koo00500 koo01100 koo01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:koo00520 koo01250 koo01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:koo00520 koo00052 koo01250 koo01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:koo00520 koo01250 koo01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:koo00520 koo01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:koo00630 koo01200 koo01100 koo01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:koo00620 koo01200 koo01100 koo01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:koo00430 koo00620 koo01200 koo01100 koo01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:koo00910 koo01100 koo01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:koo00910 koo01100 koo01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:koo00920 koo01100 koo01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:koo00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:koo00190]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:koo00190]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:koo00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:koo00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:koo00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:koo00061 koo01212 koo01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:koo00061 koo01212 koo01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:koo00061 koo00071 koo01212 koo01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:koo00071 koo01212 koo01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:koo00564 koo01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:koo00230 koo01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:koo00230 koo01232 koo01240 koo01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:koo00230 koo01232 koo01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:koo00230 koo00240 koo01232 koo01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:koo00240 koo01240 koo01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:koo00240 koo01232 koo01240 koo01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:koo00240 koo01232 koo01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:koo00240 koo00410 koo00770 koo01100]
M00939 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => 3-hydroxypropanoate [PATH:koo00240 koo01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:koo00260 koo00680 koo01200 koo01230 koo01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:koo00260 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:koo00260 koo00630 koo01200 koo01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:koo00270 koo00920 koo01200 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:koo00260 koo00270 koo01230 koo01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:koo00270 koo01230 koo01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:koo00290 koo00770 koo01210 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:koo00290 koo01230 koo01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:koo00290 koo01210 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:koo00300 koo01230 koo01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:koo00220 koo01210 koo01230 koo01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:koo00220 koo01230 koo01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:koo00330 koo01230 koo01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:koo00330 koo01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:koo00330 koo01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:koo00340 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:koo00340 koo01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:koo00400 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:koo00400 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:koo00400 koo01230 koo01100 koo01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:koo00400 koo01230 koo01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:koo00480 koo01240 koo01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:koo00540 koo01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:koo00540 koo01250 koo01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:koo00540 koo01250 koo01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:koo00730 koo01240 koo01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:koo00730 koo01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:koo00740 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:koo00750 koo01240 koo01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:koo00760 koo01240 koo01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:koo00770 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:koo00770 koo01240 koo01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:koo00780 koo01240 koo01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:koo00780 koo01240 koo01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:koo00785 koo01240 koo01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:koo00790 koo00670 koo01240 koo01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:koo00790 koo01240 koo01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:koo00860 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:koo00860 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:koo00860 koo01240 koo01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:koo00860 koo01240 koo01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:koo00130 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:koo00130 koo01240 koo01100 koo01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:koo00900 koo01100 koo01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:koo00900 koo01100 koo01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation