KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:lcf00010 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:lcf00010 lcf01200 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:lcf00010 lcf00020 lcf01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:lcf00010 lcf00020 lcf00620 lcf00785 lcf01200 lcf01210 lcf01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:lcf00020 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:lcf00020 lcf01200 lcf01210 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:lcf00020 lcf01200 lcf01210 lcf01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:lcf00030 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:lcf00030 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:lcf00030 lcf01200 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:lcf00030 lcf00230 lcf01200 lcf01230 lcf01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:lcf00040 lcf01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:lcf00052 lcf01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:lcf00500 lcf01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:lcf00500 lcf01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:lcf00520 lcf01250 lcf01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:lcf00520 lcf00052 lcf01250 lcf01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:lcf00520 lcf01250 lcf01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:lcf00280 lcf00630 lcf00640 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:lcf00562 lcf01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:lcf00562 lcf01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:lcf00562 lcf01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:lcf00190 lcf01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:lcf00061 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:lcf00061 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:lcf00061 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:lcf00062 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:lcf00062 lcf01040 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:lcf00061 lcf00071 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:lcf00071 lcf01212 lcf01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:lcf01040 lcf01212 lcf01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:lcf00100 lcf01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00100 lcf01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:lcf00140 lcf01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:lcf00140 lcf01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:lcf00140 lcf01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:lcf00140 lcf01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00561 lcf01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:lcf00561 lcf01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:lcf00564 lcf01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:lcf00564 lcf01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:lcf00564 lcf01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00600 lcf01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00600 lcf01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:lcf00600 lcf00565 lcf01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00600 lcf01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:lcf00600 lcf01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01232 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01232 lcf01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:lcf00230 lcf00240 lcf01232 lcf01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01232 lcf01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01232 lcf01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:lcf00230 lcf01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:lcf00240 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:lcf00240 lcf01232 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:lcf00240 lcf01232 lcf01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:lcf00240 lcf00410 lcf00770 lcf01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:lcf00260 lcf01200 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:lcf00260 lcf00630 lcf00785 lcf01200 lcf01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:lcf00260 lcf01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:lcf00260 lcf01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:lcf00260 lcf00270 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:lcf00270 lcf01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:lcf00270 lcf01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:lcf00280 lcf01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:lcf00310 lcf01210 lcf01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:lcf00220 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:lcf00220 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:lcf00330 lcf01230 lcf01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:lcf00330 lcf01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:lcf00330 lcf01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:lcf00330 lcf00260 lcf01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:lcf00330 lcf01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:lcf00330 lcf01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:lcf00340 lcf01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:lcf00350 lcf01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:lcf00350 lcf01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:lcf00350 lcf01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:lcf00380 lcf01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:lcf00380 lcf01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:lcf00250 lcf00650 lcf01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:lcf00480 lcf01240 lcf01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:lcf00510 lcf01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:lcf00510 lcf01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:lcf00510 lcf01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:lcf00515 lcf01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:lcf00563 lcf01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:lcf00601 lcf01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:lcf00601 lcf01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:lcf00604 lcf01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:lcf00532 lcf00534 lcf01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:lcf00532 lcf01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:lcf00534 lcf01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:lcf00531 lcf01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:lcf00531 lcf01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:lcf00531 lcf01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:lcf00531 lcf01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:lcf00380 lcf00760 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:lcf00770 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:lcf00785 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:lcf00785 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:lcf00790 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:lcf00790 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:lcf00670 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:lcf00860 lcf01240 lcf01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:lcf00130 lcf01240 lcf01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:lcf00900 lcf01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:lcf00900 lcf01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity