KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:llo00010 llo01200 llo01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:llo00010 llo01200 llo01230 llo01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:llo00010 llo00020 llo01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:llo00010 llo00020 llo00620 llo00785 llo01200 llo01210 llo01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:llo00020 llo01200 llo01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:llo00020 llo01200 llo01210 llo01230 llo01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:llo00020 llo01200 llo01210 llo01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:llo00030 llo01200 llo01100 llo01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:llo00030 llo00230 llo01200 llo01230 llo01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:llo00030 llo01200 llo01100 llo01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:llo00052 llo01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:llo00500 llo01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:llo00500 llo01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:llo00520 llo01250 llo01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:llo00520 llo00052 llo01250 llo01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:llo00520 llo01250 llo01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:llo00520 llo01250 llo01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:llo00280 llo00630 llo00640 llo01200 llo01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:llo00562 llo01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:llo00562 llo01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:llo00562 llo01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:llo00620 llo00710 llo01200 llo01100 llo01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:llo00430 llo00620 llo00720 llo01200 llo01100 llo01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:llo00190 llo01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:llo00061 llo01212 llo01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:llo00061 llo01212 llo01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:llo01212 llo01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:llo01040 llo01212 llo01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:llo00061 llo00071 llo01212 llo01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:llo00071 llo01212 llo01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:llo01040 llo01212 llo01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:llo00100 llo01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:llo00561 llo01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:llo00561 llo01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:llo00564 llo01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:llo00564 llo01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:llo00564 llo01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:llo00564 llo01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:llo01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:llo01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:llo01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:llo01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:llo00230 llo01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:llo00230 llo01232 llo01240 llo01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:llo00230 llo01232 llo01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:llo00230 llo00240 llo01232 llo01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:llo00230 llo01232 llo01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:llo00230 llo01232 llo01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:llo00240 llo01240 llo01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:llo00240 llo01232 llo01240 llo01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:llo00240 llo01232 llo01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:llo00240 llo00410 llo00770 llo01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:llo00260 llo00680 llo01200 llo01230 llo01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:llo00260 llo00630 llo00785 llo01200 llo01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:llo00260 llo01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:llo00260 llo01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:llo00260 llo00270 llo01230 llo01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:llo00270 llo01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:llo00270 llo01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:llo00280 llo01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:llo00300 llo01230 llo01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:llo00310 llo01210 llo01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:llo00220 llo01230 llo01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:llo00330 llo01230 llo01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:llo00330 llo01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:llo00330 llo01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:llo00330 llo00260 llo01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:llo00330 llo01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:llo00330 llo01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:llo00340 llo01230 llo01100 llo01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:llo00340 llo01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:llo00400 llo01230 llo01100 llo01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:llo00400 llo01230 llo01100 llo01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:llo00350 llo01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:llo00380 llo01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:llo00250 llo00650 llo01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:llo00480 llo01240 llo01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:llo01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:llo01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:llo01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:llo01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:llo01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:llo01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:llo01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:llo01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:llo01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:llo01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:llo00540 llo01250 llo01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:llo00730 llo01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:llo00760 llo01240 llo01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:llo00380 llo00760 llo01240 llo01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:llo00770 llo01240 llo01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:llo00780 llo01240 llo01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:llo00780 llo01240 llo01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:llo00785 llo01240 llo01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:llo00785 llo01240 llo01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:llo00785 llo01240 llo01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:llo00790 llo01240 llo01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:llo00670 llo01240 llo01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:llo00860 llo01240 llo01100 llo01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:llo00860 llo01240 llo01100 llo01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:llo00130 llo01240 llo01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:llo00900 llo01100 llo01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:llo00900 llo01100 llo01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:llo00900 llo01100 llo01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity