KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mleu00010 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mleu00010 mleu01200 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mleu00010 mleu00020 mleu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mleu00010 mleu00020 mleu00620 mleu00785 mleu01200 mleu01210 mleu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mleu00020 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mleu00020 mleu01200 mleu01210 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mleu00020 mleu01200 mleu01210 mleu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mleu00030 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mleu00030 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mleu00030 mleu01200 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mleu00030 mleu00230 mleu01200 mleu01230 mleu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mleu00040 mleu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mleu00052 mleu01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mleu00500 mleu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mleu00500 mleu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mleu00520 mleu01250 mleu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mleu00520 mleu00052 mleu01250 mleu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mleu00520 mleu01250 mleu01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mleu00280 mleu00630 mleu00640 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mleu00562 mleu01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mleu00562 mleu01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mleu00562 mleu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mleu00190 mleu01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:mleu00190 mleu01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:mleu00190 mleu01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mleu00190 mleu01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mleu00190 mleu01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mleu00061 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mleu00061 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:mleu00061 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mleu00062 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mleu00062 mleu01040 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mleu00061 mleu00071 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mleu00071 mleu01212 mleu01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mleu01040 mleu01212 mleu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:mleu00100 mleu01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00100 mleu01100]
M00104 Bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol => cholate/chenodeoxycholate [PATH:mleu00120 mleu01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:mleu00120 mleu01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:mleu00120 mleu01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]
M00108 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => corticosterone/aldosterone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:mleu00140 mleu01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00561 mleu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mleu00561 mleu01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mleu00564 mleu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mleu00564 mleu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mleu00564 mleu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00600 mleu01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00600 mleu01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:mleu00600 mleu00565 mleu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00600 mleu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mleu00600 mleu01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mleu00230 mleu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mleu00230 mleu01232 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mleu00230 mleu01232 mleu01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mleu00230 mleu00240 mleu01232 mleu01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mleu00230 mleu01232 mleu01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mleu00230 mleu01232 mleu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mleu00240 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mleu00240 mleu01232 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mleu00240 mleu01232 mleu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mleu00240 mleu00410 mleu00770 mleu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mleu00260 mleu01200 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mleu00260 mleu00630 mleu00670 mleu00785 mleu01200 mleu01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mleu00260 mleu00670 mleu01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:mleu00260 mleu00670 mleu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mleu00260 mleu00270 mleu00670 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mleu00270 mleu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mleu00270 mleu00670 mleu01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mleu00280 mleu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:mleu00310 mleu01210 mleu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mleu00220 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:mleu00220 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mleu00330 mleu01230 mleu01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mleu00330 mleu01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mleu00330 mleu01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:mleu00330 mleu00260 mleu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mleu00330 mleu01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mleu00330 mleu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mleu00340 mleu01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:mleu00350 mleu01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:mleu00350 mleu01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mleu00350 mleu01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:mleu00380 mleu01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:mleu00380 mleu01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mleu00250 mleu00650 mleu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mleu00480 mleu01240 mleu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mleu00510 mleu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mleu00510 mleu01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:mleu00510 mleu01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:mleu00563 mleu01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:mleu00563]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:mleu00601 mleu01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:mleu00601 mleu01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:mleu00603 mleu01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:mleu00604 mleu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:mleu00532 mleu01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mleu00534 mleu01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:mleu00531 mleu01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:mleu00531 mleu01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:mleu00531 mleu01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:mleu00531 mleu01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mleu00380 mleu00760 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mleu00770 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mleu00790 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mleu00790 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mleu00670 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:mleu00860 mleu01240 mleu01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:mleu00130 mleu01240 mleu01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mleu00900 mleu01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:mleu00900 mleu01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity