KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mmf00010 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mmf00010 mmf01200 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mmf00010 mmf00020 mmf01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mmf00010 mmf00020 mmf00620 mmf00785 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mmf00020 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mmf00020 mmf01200 mmf01210 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mmf00020 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mmf00030 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mmf00030 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mmf00030 mmf01200 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mmf00030 mmf00230 mmf01200 mmf01230 mmf01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mmf00040 mmf01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mmf00052 mmf01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mmf00500 mmf01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mmf00500 mmf01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mmf00520 mmf01250 mmf01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mmf00520 mmf00052 mmf01250 mmf01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mmf00520 mmf01250 mmf01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mmf00280 mmf00630 mmf00640 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mmf00562 mmf01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mmf00562 mmf01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mmf00562 mmf01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mmf00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:mmf00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:mmf00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mmf00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:mmf00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mmf00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mmf00061 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mmf00061 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:mmf00061 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mmf00062 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mmf00062 mmf01040 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mmf00061 mmf00071 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mmf00071 mmf01212 mmf01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mmf01040 mmf01212 mmf01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:mmf00100 mmf01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00100 mmf01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:mmf00120 mmf01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:mmf00120 mmf01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:mmf00140 mmf01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:mmf00140 mmf01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:mmf00140 mmf01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00561 mmf01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mmf00561 mmf01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mmf00564 mmf01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:mmf00564 mmf01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mmf00564 mmf01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00600 mmf01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00600 mmf01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:mmf00600 mmf00565 mmf01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00600 mmf01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mmf00600 mmf01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mmf00230 mmf01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mmf00230 mmf01232 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mmf00230 mmf01232 mmf01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mmf00230 mmf00240 mmf01232 mmf01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mmf00230 mmf01232 mmf01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mmf00230 mmf01232 mmf01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mmf00240 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mmf00240 mmf01232 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mmf00240 mmf01232 mmf01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mmf00240 mmf00410 mmf00770 mmf01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mmf00260 mmf01200 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mmf00260 mmf00630 mmf00785 mmf01200 mmf01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mmf00260 mmf01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mmf00260 mmf00270 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mmf00270 mmf01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mmf00270 mmf01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mmf00280 mmf01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:mmf00310 mmf01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mmf00220 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:mmf00220 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01230 mmf01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mmf00330 mmf01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mmf00340 mmf01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:mmf00350 mmf01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:mmf00350 mmf01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mmf00350 mmf01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:mmf00380 mmf01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:mmf00380 mmf01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mmf00250 mmf00650 mmf01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mmf00480 mmf01240 mmf01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:mmf00510 mmf01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mmf00510 mmf01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:mmf00510 mmf01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:mmf00515 mmf01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:mmf00563 mmf01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:mmf00601 mmf01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:mmf00601 mmf01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:mmf00603 mmf01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:mmf00604 mmf01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:mmf00532 mmf00534 mmf01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:mmf00532 mmf01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mmf00534 mmf01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:mmf00531 mmf01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:mmf00531 mmf01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:mmf00531 mmf01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:mmf00531 mmf01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mmf00380 mmf00760 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mmf00770 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mmf00785 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mmf00785 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mmf00790 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mmf00790 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mmf00670 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:mmf00860 mmf01240 mmf01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:mmf00130 mmf01240 mmf01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mmf00900 mmf01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:mmf00900 mmf01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity