KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:ogo00010 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:ogo00010 ogo01200 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:ogo00010 ogo00020 ogo01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:ogo00010 ogo00020 ogo00620 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:ogo00020 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:ogo00020 ogo01200 ogo01210 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:ogo00020 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:ogo00030 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:ogo00030 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:ogo00030 ogo01200 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:ogo00030 ogo00230 ogo01200 ogo01230 ogo01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:ogo00040 ogo01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:ogo00052 ogo01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:ogo00500 ogo01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:ogo00500 ogo01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:ogo00520 ogo01250 ogo01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:ogo00520 ogo00052 ogo01250 ogo01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:ogo00520 ogo01250 ogo01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:ogo00280 ogo00630 ogo00640 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:ogo00562 ogo01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:ogo00562 ogo01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:ogo00562 ogo01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:ogo00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:ogo00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:ogo00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:ogo00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:ogo00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:ogo00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:ogo00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:ogo00190]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ogo00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:ogo00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:ogo00061 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:ogo00061 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:ogo00061 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:ogo00062 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ogo00062 ogo01040 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:ogo00061 ogo00071 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:ogo00071 ogo01212 ogo01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:ogo01040 ogo01212 ogo01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:ogo00100 ogo01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00100 ogo01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:ogo00140 ogo01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:ogo00140 ogo01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:ogo00140 ogo01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00561 ogo01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:ogo00561 ogo01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:ogo00564 ogo01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:ogo00564 ogo01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:ogo00564 ogo01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00600 ogo01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00600 ogo01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:ogo00600 ogo00565 ogo01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00600 ogo01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:ogo00600 ogo01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01232 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01232 ogo01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:ogo00230 ogo00240 ogo01232 ogo01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01232 ogo01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01232 ogo01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:ogo00230 ogo01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:ogo00240 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:ogo00240 ogo01232 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:ogo00240 ogo01232 ogo01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:ogo00240 ogo00410 ogo00770 ogo01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ogo00260 ogo01200 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ogo00260 ogo00630 ogo01200 ogo01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ogo00260 ogo01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ogo00260 ogo00270 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ogo00270 ogo01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:ogo00270 ogo01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:ogo00280 ogo01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:ogo00310 ogo01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:ogo00220 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:ogo00220 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:ogo00330 ogo01230 ogo01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:ogo00330 ogo01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:ogo00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:ogo00330 ogo01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:ogo00330 ogo01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:ogo00330 ogo01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:ogo00340 ogo01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:ogo00350 ogo01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:ogo00350 ogo01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:ogo00350 ogo01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:ogo00380 ogo01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:ogo00380 ogo01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:ogo00250 ogo00650 ogo01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ogo00480 ogo01240 ogo01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:ogo00510 ogo01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:ogo00510 ogo01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:ogo00510 ogo01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:ogo00515 ogo01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:ogo00563 ogo01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:ogo00601 ogo01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:ogo00601 ogo01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:ogo00604 ogo01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:ogo00532 ogo00534 ogo01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:ogo00532 ogo01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:ogo00534 ogo01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:ogo00531 ogo01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:ogo00531 ogo01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:ogo00531 ogo01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:ogo00531 ogo01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:ogo00380 ogo00760 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:ogo00770 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:ogo00785 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:ogo00785 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:ogo00790 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:ogo00790 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:ogo00670 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:ogo00860 ogo01240 ogo01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:ogo00130 ogo01240 ogo01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:ogo00900 ogo01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:ogo00900 ogo01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity