KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pau00010 pau01200 pau01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pau00010 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pau00010 pau00020 pau01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pau00010 pau00020 pau00620 pau01200 pau01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pau00020 pau01200 pau01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pau00020 pau01200 pau01210 pau01230 pau01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pau00020 pau01200 pau01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pau00030 pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pau00030 pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pau00030 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100 pau01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pau00030 pau00230 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:pau00030 pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:pau00040 pau00030 pau01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pau00052 pau01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:pau00052 pau01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pau00500 pau01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pau00500 pau01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:pau00500 pau01100 pau01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pau00520 pau01250 pau01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pau00520 pau00052 pau01250 pau01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pau00520 pau01250 pau01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:pau00520 pau01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:pau00630 pau01200 pau01100 pau01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pau00280 pau00630 pau00640 pau01200 pau01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00166 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, ribulose-5P => glyceraldehyde-3P [PATH:pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00167 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, glyceraldehyde-3P => ribulose-5P [PATH:pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:pau00620 pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pau00430 pau00620 pau01200 pau01100 pau01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:pau00030 pau00680 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100 pau01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:pau00910 pau01100 pau01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:pau00910 pau01100 pau01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:pau00910 pau01100 pau01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:pau00920 pau01100 pau01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pau00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:pau00190]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pau00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pau00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pau00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:pau00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:pau00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pau00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pau00061 pau01212 pau01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pau00061 pau01212 pau01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pau00061 pau00071 pau01212 pau01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pau00071 pau01212 pau01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pau00564 pau01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pau00564 pau01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pau00230 pau01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pau00230 pau01232 pau01240 pau01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pau00230 pau01232 pau01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pau00230 pau00240 pau01232 pau01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pau00230 pau01232 pau01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pau00230 pau01232 pau01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pau00240 pau01232 pau01240 pau01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pau00240 pau01232 pau01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pau00240 pau01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pau00260 pau00680 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:pau00260 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pau00260 pau01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:pau00260 pau01210 pau01230 pau01100 pau01120]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:pau00260 pau01100 pau01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pau00270 pau00920 pau01200 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pau00260 pau00270 pau01230 pau01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:pau00270 pau01230 pau01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pau00270 pau01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pau00270 pau01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pau00290 pau00770 pau01210 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pau00290 pau01230 pau01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pau00290 pau01210 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pau00280 pau01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pau00300 pau01230 pau01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pau00220 pau01210 pau01230 pau01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pau00220 pau01230 pau01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pau00330 pau01230 pau01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:pau00330 pau01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pau00330 pau01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:pau00340 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pau00340 pau01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pau00400 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pau00400 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:pau00400 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:pau00400 pau01230 pau01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:pau00400 pau01230 pau01100 pau01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pau00350 pau01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:pau00350 pau01220 pau01100 pau01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pau00250 pau00650 pau01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pau00480 pau01240 pau01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:pau00470 pau01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:pau00540 pau01250 pau01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:pau00540 pau01250 pau01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:pau00730 pau01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:pau00740 pau01240 pau01100 pau01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pau00750 pau01240 pau01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pau00750 pau01240 pau01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pau00760 pau01240 pau01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:pau00770 pau01240 pau01100 pau01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pau00770 pau01240 pau01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:pau00780 pau01240 pau01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:pau00780 pau01240 pau01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pau00785 pau01240 pau01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:pau00790 pau00670 pau01240 pau01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pau00790 pau01240 pau01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:pau00670 pau01240 pau01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:pau00860 pau01240 pau01100 pau01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:pau00860 pau01240 pau01100 pau01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:pau00860 pau01240 pau01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:pau00860 pau01240 pau01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:pau00130 pau01240 pau01100 pau01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pau00900 pau01100 pau01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:pau00900 pau01100 pau01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:pau00900 pau01100 pau01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:pau00521 pau00523 pau00541 pau01250 pau01100 pau01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00835 Pyocyanine biosynthesis, chorismate => pyocyanine [PATH:pau00405 pau01100 pau01110]
M00918 Aerobactin biosynthesis, lysine => aerobactin [PATH:pau00997 pau01100 pau01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pau00362 pau00622 pau01220 pau01100 pau01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:pau00627 pau01100 pau01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pau00362 pau01220 pau01100 pau01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pau00360 pau01220 pau01100 pau01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00718 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexAB-OprM
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM
M00643 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexXY-OprM
M00769 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexPQ-OpmE

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation