KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pba00010 pba01200 pba01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pba00010 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pba00010 pba00020 pba01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pba00010 pba00020 pba00620 pba00785 pba01200 pba01210 pba01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pba00020 pba01200 pba01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pba00020 pba01200 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pba00020 pba01200 pba01210 pba01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pba00030 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pba00030 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pba00030 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100 pba01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pba00030 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100 pba01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pba00030 pba00230 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:pba00030 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pba00040 pba01100]
M00631 D-Galacturonate degradation (bacteria), D-galacturonate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:pba00040 pba00030 pba01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:pba00040 pba00030 pba01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pba00052 pba01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:pba00052 pba01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:pba00053 pba01100 pba01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pba00500 pba01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pba00500 pba01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pba00520 pba01250 pba01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pba00520 pba00052 pba01250 pba01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pba00520 pba01250 pba01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pba00520 pba01250 pba01100]
M00922 CMP-Neu5Ac biosynthesis, UDP-GlcNAc => CMP-Neu5Ac [PATH:pba00541 pba01250 pba01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:pba00521 pba00523 pba00541 pba01250 pba01100 pba01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:pba00630 pba01200 pba01100 pba01110]
M00373 Ethylmalonyl pathway [PATH:pba00630 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pba00410 pba00640 pba01200 pba01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pba00280 pba00630 pba00640 pba01200 pba01100]
M00982 Methylcitrate cycle [PATH:pba00640 pba00020 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pba00562 pba01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pba00562 pba01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:pba00620 pba00710 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pba00430 pba00620 pba00720 pba01200 pba01100 pba01120]

Methane metabolism
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:pba00030 pba00680 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100 pba01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:pba00910 pba01310 pba01100 pba01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:pba00910 pba01310 pba01100 pba01120]
M00529 Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen [PATH:pba00910 pba01310 pba01100 pba01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:pba00920 pba01100 pba01120]

Photosynthesis
M00597 Anoxygenic photosystem II

ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pba00190 pba01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pba00061 pba01212 pba01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pba00061 pba01212 pba01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pba01212 pba01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pba01040 pba01212 pba01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pba00061 pba00071 pba01212 pba01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pba00071 pba01212 pba01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pba00561 pba01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pba00561 pba01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pba00564 pba01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pba00564 pba01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pba00564 pba01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pba00564 pba01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pba01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pba01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pba01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pba00230 pba01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pba00230 pba01232 pba01240 pba01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pba00230 pba01232 pba01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pba00230 pba00240 pba01232 pba01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pba00230 pba01232 pba01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pba00230 pba01232 pba01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:pba00230 pba01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pba00240 pba01232 pba01240 pba01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pba00240 pba01232 pba01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pba00240 pba00410 pba00770 pba01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pba00260 pba00680 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:pba00260 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pba00260 pba00630 pba00670 pba00785 pba01200 pba01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pba00260 pba00670 pba01100]
M00975 Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:pba00260 pba01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:pba00260 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100 pba01120]
M00919 Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:pba00260 pba01100 pba01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pba00270 pba00920 pba01200 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pba00260 pba00270 pba00670 pba01230 pba01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:pba00270 pba01230 pba01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pba00270 pba01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pba00270 pba00670 pba01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pba00290 pba00770 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:pba00290 pba00660 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pba00290 pba01230 pba01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pba00290 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pba00280 pba01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pba00300 pba01230 pba01100]
M00526 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP dehydrogenase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pba00300 pba01230 pba01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pba00300 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:pba00310 pba01100 pba01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pba00220 pba01210 pba01230 pba01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pba00220 pba01230 pba01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pba00330 pba01230 pba01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pba00330 pba01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pba00330 pba01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:pba00330 pba01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:pba00330 pba01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pba00330 pba01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:pba00340 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pba00340 pba01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pba00400 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pba00400 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:pba00400 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:pba00400 pba01230 pba01100 pba01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pba00350 pba01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:pba00350 pba01220 pba01100 pba01120]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pba00380 pba01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pba00250 pba00650 pba01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pba00480 pba01240 pba01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:pba00470 pba01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pba00470 pba01100]
M00949 Staphylopine biosynthesis, L-histidine => staphylopine [PATH:pba00470 pba01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pba01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pba01100]
M00983 GPI-anchor remodeling [PATH:pba01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pba01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pba01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:pba00540 pba01100]
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:pba00540 pba01250 pba01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:pba00540 pba01250 pba01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:pba00730 pba01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:pba00740 pba01240 pba01100 pba01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pba00750 pba01240 pba01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pba00750 pba01240 pba01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pba00760 pba01240 pba01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pba00380 pba00760 pba01240 pba01100]
M00622 Nicotinate degradation, nicotinate => fumarate [PATH:pba00760 pba01100 pba01120]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:pba00770 pba01240 pba01100 pba01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pba00770 pba01240 pba01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:pba00780 pba01240 pba01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:pba00780 pba01240 pba01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pba00785 pba01240 pba01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pba00785 pba01240 pba01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pba00785 pba01240 pba01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:pba00790 pba00670 pba01240 pba01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pba00790 pba01240 pba01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pba00790 pba01240 pba01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:pba00790 pba01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:pba00670 pba01240 pba01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pba00670 pba01240 pba01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100 pba01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100 pba01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100]
M00925 Cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => precorrin 2 => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:pba00860 pba01240 pba01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:pba00130 pba01240 pba01100 pba01110]
M00989 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, O2-independent, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:pba00130 pba01240]
M00930 Menaquinone biosynthesis, futalosine pathway [PATH:pba00130 pba01240 pba01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pba00900 pba01100 pba01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:pba00900 pba01100 pba01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:pba00900 pba01100 pba01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pba00900 pba01100 pba01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pba00362 pba00622 pba01220 pba01100 pba01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:pba00627 pba01100 pba01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pba00362 pba01220 pba01100 pba01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation