KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pbg00010 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pbg00010 pbg01200 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pbg00010 pbg00020 pbg01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pbg00010 pbg00020 pbg00620 pbg00785 pbg01200 pbg01210 pbg01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pbg00020 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pbg00020 pbg01200 pbg01210 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pbg00020 pbg01200 pbg01210 pbg01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pbg00030 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pbg00030 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pbg00030 pbg01200 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pbg00030 pbg00230 pbg01200 pbg01230 pbg01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pbg00040 pbg01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pbg00052 pbg01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:pbg00040 pbg00053 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pbg00500 pbg01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pbg00500 pbg01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pbg00520 pbg01250 pbg01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pbg00520 pbg00052 pbg01250 pbg01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pbg00520 pbg01250 pbg01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pbg00280 pbg00630 pbg00640 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pbg00562 pbg01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pbg00562 pbg01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pbg00562 pbg01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pbg00190 pbg01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pbg00061 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pbg00061 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:pbg00061 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pbg00062 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pbg00062 pbg01040 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pbg00061 pbg00071 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pbg00071 pbg01212 pbg01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pbg01040 pbg01212 pbg01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:pbg00100 pbg01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00100 pbg01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:pbg00120 pbg01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:pbg00120 pbg01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pbg00140 pbg01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pbg00140 pbg01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pbg00140 pbg01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pbg00140 pbg01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:pbg00140 pbg01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00561 pbg01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pbg00561 pbg01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pbg00564 pbg01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pbg00564 pbg01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pbg00564 pbg01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00600 pbg01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00600 pbg01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pbg00600 pbg00565 pbg01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00600 pbg01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pbg00600 pbg01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pbg00230 pbg01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pbg00230 pbg01232 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pbg00230 pbg01232 pbg01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pbg00230 pbg00240 pbg01232 pbg01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pbg00230 pbg01232 pbg01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pbg00230 pbg01232 pbg01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pbg00240 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pbg00240 pbg01232 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pbg00240 pbg01232 pbg01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pbg00240 pbg00410 pbg00770 pbg01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pbg00260 pbg01200 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pbg00260 pbg00630 pbg00785 pbg01200 pbg01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pbg00260 pbg01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pbg00260 pbg01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pbg00260 pbg00270 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pbg00270 pbg01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pbg00270 pbg01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pbg00280 pbg01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pbg00310 pbg01210 pbg01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pbg00220 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pbg00220 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pbg00330 pbg01230 pbg01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pbg00330 pbg01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pbg00330 pbg01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pbg00330 pbg00260 pbg01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pbg00330 pbg01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pbg00330 pbg01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pbg00340 pbg01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pbg00350 pbg01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pbg00350 pbg01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pbg00350 pbg01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pbg00380 pbg01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pbg00380 pbg01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pbg00250 pbg00650 pbg01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pbg00480 pbg01240 pbg01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pbg00510 pbg01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pbg00510 pbg01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pbg00510 pbg01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:pbg00512 pbg01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pbg00515 pbg01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pbg00601 pbg01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pbg00601 pbg01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:pbg00603 pbg01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pbg00604 pbg01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pbg00532 pbg00534 pbg01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pbg00532 pbg01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pbg00534 pbg01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbg00531 pbg01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pbg00531 pbg01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbg00531 pbg01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pbg00531 pbg01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pbg00380 pbg00760 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pbg00770 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pbg00785 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pbg00785 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pbg00790 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pbg00790 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pbg00670 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pbg00860 pbg01240 pbg01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pbg00130 pbg01240 pbg01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pbg00900 pbg01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pbg00900 pbg01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity