KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pen00010 pen01200 pen01230 pen01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pen00010 pen00020 pen01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pen00010 pen00020 pen00620 pen01200 pen01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pen00020 pen01200 pen01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pen00020 pen01200 pen01210 pen01230 pen01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pen00020 pen01200 pen01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pen00030 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pen00030 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pen00030 pen01200 pen01230 pen01100 pen01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pen00030 pen00230 pen01200 pen01230 pen01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:pen00030 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pen00520 pen01250 pen01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pen00520 pen01250 pen01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:pen00630 pen01200 pen01100 pen01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:pen00620 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:pen00620 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pen00430 pen00620 pen01200 pen01100 pen01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:pen00920 pen01100 pen01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pen00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:pen00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pen00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pen00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:pen00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:pen00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pen00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pen00061 pen01212 pen01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pen00061 pen01212 pen01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pen00061 pen00071 pen01212 pen01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pen00071 pen01212 pen01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pen00564 pen01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pen00230 pen01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pen00230 pen01232 pen01240 pen01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pen00230 pen01232 pen01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pen00230 pen00240 pen01232 pen01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pen00230 pen01232 pen01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pen00230 pen01232 pen01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pen00240 pen01240 pen01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pen00240 pen01232 pen01240 pen01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pen00240 pen01232 pen01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pen00240 pen01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pen00260 pen00680 pen01200 pen01230 pen01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:pen00260 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pen00260 pen01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pen00270 pen00920 pen01200 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pen00290 pen00770 pen01210 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pen00290 pen01230 pen01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pen00290 pen01210 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pen00280 pen01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pen00300 pen01230 pen01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:pen00310 pen01100 pen01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pen00220 pen01210 pen01230 pen01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pen00220 pen01230 pen01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pen00330 pen01230 pen01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pen00330 pen01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pen00340 pen01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pen00400 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pen00400 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:pen00400 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:pen00400 pen01230 pen01100 pen01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pen00350 pen01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:pen00350 pen01220 pen01100 pen01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pen00480 pen01240 pen01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pen00470 pen01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:pen00540 pen01250 pen01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:pen00740 pen01240 pen01100 pen01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pen00750 pen01240 pen01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pen00760 pen01240 pen01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:pen00770 pen01240 pen01100 pen01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pen00770 pen01240 pen01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:pen00780 pen01240 pen01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pen00785 pen01240 pen01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pen00790 pen01240 pen01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:pen00670 pen01240 pen01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:pen00860 pen01240 pen01100 pen01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:pen00860 pen01240 pen01100 pen01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:pen00860 pen01240 pen01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:pen00130 pen01240 pen01100 pen01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:pen00521 pen00523 pen00541 pen01250 pen01100 pen01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pen00362 pen00622 pen01220 pen01100 pen01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pen00362 pen01220 pen01100 pen01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00639 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexCD-OprJ
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation