KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pfl00010 pfl01200 pfl01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pfl00010 pfl01200 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pfl00010 pfl00020 pfl01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pfl00010 pfl00020 pfl00620 pfl01200 pfl01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pfl00020 pfl01200 pfl01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pfl00020 pfl01200 pfl01210 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pfl00020 pfl01200 pfl01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pfl00030 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pfl00030 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pfl00030 pfl01200 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pfl00030 pfl00230 pfl01200 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:pfl00030 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pfl00040 pfl01100]
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:pfl00040 pfl00030 pfl01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pfl00052 pfl01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pfl00500 pfl01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pfl00500 pfl01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pfl00520 pfl01250 pfl01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pfl00520 pfl00052 pfl01250 pfl01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pfl00520 pfl01250 pfl01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pfl00520 pfl01250 pfl01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:pfl00520 pfl01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:pfl00630 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pfl00280 pfl00630 pfl00640 pfl01200 pfl01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pfl00562 pfl01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pfl00562 pfl01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pfl00562 pfl01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:pfl00620 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pfl00430 pfl00620 pfl01200 pfl01100 pfl01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:pfl00920 pfl01100 pfl01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pfl00190]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pfl00190]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pfl00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:pfl00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pfl00190]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:pfl00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pfl00190]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pfl00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pfl00190]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:pfl00190]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pfl00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:pfl00190]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:pfl00190]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pfl00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pfl00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pfl00061 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pfl00061 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:pfl00061 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pfl01040 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pfl00061 pfl00071 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pfl00071 pfl01212 pfl01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pfl01040 pfl01212 pfl01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:pfl01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pfl01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pfl01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pfl01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pfl01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pfl00561 pfl01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pfl00561 pfl01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pfl00564 pfl01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pfl00564 pfl01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pfl00564 pfl01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pfl00564 pfl01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pfl01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pfl01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pfl00565 pfl01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pfl01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pfl01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01232 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01232 pfl01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pfl00230 pfl00240 pfl01232 pfl01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01232 pfl01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01232 pfl01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:pfl00230 pfl01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pfl00240 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pfl00240 pfl01232 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pfl00240 pfl01232 pfl01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pfl00240 pfl01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pfl00260 pfl00680 pfl01200 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:pfl00260 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pfl00260 pfl01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pfl00270 pfl00920 pfl01200 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pfl00260 pfl00270 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:pfl00270 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pfl00270 pfl01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pfl00270 pfl01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pfl00290 pfl00770 pfl01210 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pfl00290 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pfl00290 pfl01210 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pfl00280 pfl01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pfl00300 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pfl00310 pfl01100]
M00957 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => glutarate => succinate/acetyl-CoA [PATH:pfl00310 pfl01100 pfl01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pfl00220 pfl01210 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pfl00220 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pfl00220 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01230 pfl01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pfl00330 pfl01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:pfl00340 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pfl00340 pfl01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pfl00400 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pfl00400 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:pfl00400 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:pfl00400 pfl01230 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pfl00350 pfl01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pfl00350 pfl01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pfl00350 pfl01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:pfl00350 pfl01220 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pfl00380 pfl01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pfl00380 pfl01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pfl00250 pfl00650 pfl01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pfl00480 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00947 D-Arginine racemization, D-arginine => L-arginine [PATH:pfl00470 pfl01100]
M00948 Hydroxyproline degradation, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pfl00470 pfl01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:pfl01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pfl01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pfl01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pfl01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:pfl01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pfl01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pfl01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pfl01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pfl01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pfl01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pfl01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfl01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pfl01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfl01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfl01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:pfl00540 pfl01250 pfl01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:pfl00740 pfl01240 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pfl00750 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:pfl00750 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pfl00760 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pfl00380 pfl00760 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pfl00770 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:pfl00780 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:pfl00780 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pfl00785 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pfl00785 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pfl00785 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:pfl00790 pfl00670 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pfl00790 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pfl00790 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pfl00670 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:pfl00860 pfl01240 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pfl00860 pfl01240 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:pfl00860 pfl01240 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:pfl00860 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:pfl00860 pfl01240 pfl01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:pfl00130 pfl01240 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pfl00130 pfl01240 pfl01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pfl00900 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:pfl00900 pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pfl00900 pfl01100 pfl01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
M00824 9-membered enediyne core biosynthesis, malonyl-CoA => 3-hydroxyhexadeca-4,6,8,10,12,14-hexaenoyl-ACP => 9-membered enediyne core [PATH:pfl01100 pfl01110]
M00828 Maduropeptin beta-hydroxy acid moiety biosynthesis, tyrosine => 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanoyl-PCP [PATH:pfl01100 pfl01110]

Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:pfl00521 pfl00523 pfl00541 pfl01250 pfl01100 pfl01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
M00790 Pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis, tryptophan => pyrrolnitrin [PATH:pfl00404 pfl01100 pfl01110]

Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pfl00362 pfl00622 pfl01220 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:pfl00627 pfl01100 pfl01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pfl00362 pfl01220 pfl01100 pfl01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD
M00641 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexEF-OprN
M00642 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump MexJK-OprM

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation