KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pfor00010 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pfor00010 pfor01200 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pfor00010 pfor00020 pfor01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pfor00010 pfor00020 pfor00620 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pfor00020 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pfor00020 pfor01200 pfor01210 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pfor00020 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pfor00030 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pfor00030 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pfor00030 pfor01200 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pfor00030 pfor00230 pfor01200 pfor01230 pfor01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pfor00040 pfor01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pfor00052 pfor01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pfor00500 pfor01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pfor00500 pfor01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pfor00520 pfor01250 pfor01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pfor00520 pfor00052 pfor01250 pfor01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pfor00520 pfor01250 pfor01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pfor00280 pfor00630 pfor00640 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pfor00562 pfor01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pfor00562 pfor01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pfor00562 pfor01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pfor00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:pfor00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pfor00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pfor00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pfor00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pfor00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pfor00061 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pfor00061 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pfor00062 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pfor00062 pfor01040 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pfor00061 pfor00071 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pfor00071 pfor01212 pfor01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pfor01040 pfor01212 pfor01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:pfor00100 pfor01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pfor00100 pfor01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pfor00140 pfor01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pfor00140 pfor01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pfor00140 pfor01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pfor00561 pfor01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pfor00561 pfor01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pfor00564 pfor01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pfor00564 pfor01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pfor00564 pfor01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pfor00600 pfor01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pfor00600 pfor01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pfor00600 pfor00565 pfor01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pfor00600 pfor01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pfor00600 pfor01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pfor00230 pfor01232 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pfor00230 pfor01232 pfor01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pfor00230 pfor00240 pfor01232 pfor01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pfor00230 pfor01232 pfor01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pfor00230 pfor01232 pfor01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:pfor00230 pfor01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pfor00240 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pfor00240 pfor01232 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pfor00240 pfor01232 pfor01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pfor00240 pfor00410 pfor00770 pfor01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pfor00260 pfor01200 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pfor00260 pfor00630 pfor01200 pfor01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pfor00260 pfor01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pfor00260 pfor00270 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pfor00270 pfor01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pfor00270 pfor01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pfor00280 pfor01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pfor00310 pfor01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pfor00220 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pfor00220 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pfor00330 pfor01230 pfor01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pfor00330 pfor01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pfor00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pfor00330 pfor01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pfor00330 pfor01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pfor00330 pfor01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pfor00340 pfor01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pfor00350 pfor01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pfor00350 pfor01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pfor00350 pfor01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pfor00380 pfor01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pfor00380 pfor01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pfor00250 pfor00650 pfor01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pfor00480 pfor01240 pfor01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pfor00510 pfor01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pfor00510 pfor01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pfor00515 pfor01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:pfor00563 pfor01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pfor00601 pfor01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pfor00601 pfor01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pfor00604 pfor01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pfor00532 pfor00534 pfor01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pfor00532 pfor01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pfor00534 pfor01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfor00531 pfor01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pfor00531 pfor01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfor00531 pfor01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pfor00531 pfor01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pfor00380 pfor00760 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pfor00770 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pfor00785 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pfor00785 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pfor00790 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pfor00790 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pfor00670 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pfor00860 pfor01240 pfor01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pfor00130 pfor01240 pfor01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pfor00900 pfor01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pfor00900 pfor01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity