KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pmei00010 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pmei00010 pmei01200 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pmei00010 pmei00020 pmei01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pmei00010 pmei00020 pmei00620 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pmei00020 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pmei00020 pmei01200 pmei01210 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pmei00020 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pmei00030 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pmei00030 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pmei00030 pmei01200 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pmei00030 pmei00230 pmei01200 pmei01230 pmei01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pmei00040 pmei01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pmei00052 pmei01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pmei00500 pmei01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pmei00520 pmei01250 pmei01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pmei00520 pmei00052 pmei01250 pmei01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pmei00520 pmei01250 pmei01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:pmei00280 pmei00630 pmei00640 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pmei00562 pmei01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:pmei00562 pmei01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pmei00562 pmei01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pmei00190]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:pmei00190]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:pmei00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pmei00190]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:pmei00190]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pmei00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pmei00061 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pmei00061 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:pmei00061 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pmei00062 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pmei00062 pmei01040 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pmei00061 pmei00071 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pmei00071 pmei01212 pmei01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pmei01040 pmei01212 pmei01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => cholesterol [PATH:pmei00100 pmei01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00100 pmei01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:pmei00140 pmei01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:pmei00140 pmei01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:pmei00140 pmei01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00561 pmei01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pmei00561 pmei01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pmei00564 pmei01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pmei00564 pmei01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pmei00564 pmei01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00600 pmei01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00600 pmei01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:pmei00600 pmei00565 pmei01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00600 pmei01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:pmei00600 pmei01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pmei00230 pmei01232 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pmei00230 pmei01232 pmei01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pmei00230 pmei00240 pmei01232 pmei01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pmei00230 pmei01232 pmei01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pmei00230 pmei01232 pmei01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:pmei00230 pmei01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pmei00240 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pmei00240 pmei01232 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pmei00240 pmei01232 pmei01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pmei00240 pmei00410 pmei00770 pmei01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pmei00260 pmei01200 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pmei00260 pmei00630 pmei01200 pmei01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pmei00260 pmei01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pmei00260 pmei00270 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pmei00270 pmei01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pmei00270 pmei01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:pmei00280 pmei01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:pmei00310 pmei01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pmei00220 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:pmei00220 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pmei00330 pmei01230 pmei01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pmei00330 pmei01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pmei00330]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:pmei00330 pmei01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pmei00330 pmei01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:pmei00330 pmei01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:pmei00340 pmei01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:pmei00350 pmei01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:pmei00350 pmei01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:pmei00380 pmei01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:pmei00380 pmei01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pmei00250 pmei00650 pmei01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pmei00480 pmei01240 pmei01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:pmei00510 pmei01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pmei00510 pmei01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:pmei00510 pmei01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:pmei00515 pmei01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:pmei00563 pmei01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:pmei00601 pmei01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:pmei00601 pmei01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:pmei00604 pmei01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pmei00532 pmei00534 pmei01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:pmei00532 pmei01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:pmei00534 pmei01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:pmei00531 pmei01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:pmei00531 pmei01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:pmei00531 pmei01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:pmei00531 pmei01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:pmei00380 pmei00760 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pmei00770 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pmei00785 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pmei00785 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pmei00790 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pmei00790 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pmei00670 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:pmei00860 pmei01240 pmei01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:pmei00130 pmei01240 pmei01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:pmei00900 pmei01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pmei00900 pmei01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity