KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:pna00010 pna01200 pna01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:pna00010 pna01200 pna01230 pna01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:pna00010 pna00020 pna01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pna00010 pna00020 pna00620 pna00785 pna01200 pna01210 pna01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:pna00020 pna01200 pna01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:pna00020 pna01200 pna01210 pna01230 pna01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:pna00020 pna01200 pna01210 pna01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:pna00030 pna01200 pna01100 pna01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:pna00030 pna01200 pna01100 pna01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:pna00030 pna01200 pna01230 pna01100 pna01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:pna00030 pna00230 pna01200 pna01230 pna01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:pna00040 pna01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:pna00052 pna01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:pna00500 pna01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:pna00500 pna01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:pna00520 pna01250 pna01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:pna00520 pna00052 pna01250 pna01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pna00520 pna01250 pna01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:pna00520 pna01250 pna01100]
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis, glucose-1P => dTDP-L-Rha [PATH:pna00521 pna00523 pna00541 pna01250 pna01100 pna01110]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:pna00630 pna01200 pna01100 pna01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:pna00410 pna00640 pna01200 pna01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:pna00562 pna01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:pna00562 pna01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00165 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) [PATH:pna00710 pna01200 pna01100 pna01120]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:pna00620 pna00710 pna01200 pna01100 pna01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:pna00430 pna00620 pna00720 pna01200 pna01100 pna01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:pna00910 pna01310 pna01100 pna01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:pna00910 pna01310 pna01100 pna01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00985 Sulfide oxidation, sulfide => sulfur [PATH:pna00920 pna01100 pna01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:pna00190 pna01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:pna00061 pna01212 pna01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:pna00061 pna01212 pna01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:pna01212 pna01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:pna01040 pna01212 pna01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:pna00061 pna00071 pna01212 pna01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:pna00071 pna01212 pna01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:pna01040 pna01212 pna01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:pna00561 pna01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:pna00561 pna01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:pna00564 pna01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:pna00564 pna01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:pna00564 pna01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:pna00564 pna01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:pna01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:pna01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:pna00230 pna01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:pna00230 pna01232 pna01240 pna01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:pna00230 pna01232 pna01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:pna00230 pna00240 pna01232 pna01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:pna00230 pna01232 pna01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:pna00230 pna01232 pna01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:pna00240 pna01240 pna01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:pna00240 pna01232 pna01240 pna01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:pna00240 pna01232 pna01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:pna00240 pna00410 pna00770 pna01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pna00260 pna00680 pna01200 pna01230 pna01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:pna00260 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pna00260 pna00630 pna00670 pna00785 pna01200 pna01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:pna00270 pna00920 pna01200 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pna00260 pna00270 pna00670 pna01230 pna01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:pna00270 pna00670 pna01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pna00290 pna00770 pna01210 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:pna00290 pna01230 pna01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:pna00290 pna01210 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:pna00300 pna01230 pna01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:pna00220 pna01210 pna01230 pna01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:pna00220 pna01230 pna01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:pna00330 pna01230 pna01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:pna00330 pna01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:pna00330 pna01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:pna00330 pna01100]

Histidine metabolism
Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:pna00400 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:pna00400 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:pna00400 pna01230 pna01100 pna01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:pna00400 pna01230 pna01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:pna00350 pna01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:pna00250 pna00650 pna01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:pna00480 pna01240 pna01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:pna01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:pna01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00063 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis, ribulose-5P => CMP-KDO [PATH:pna00540 pna01250 pna01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis, sedoheptulose-7P => ADP-LDmanHep [PATH:pna00540 pna01250 pna01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:pna00740 pna01240 pna01100 pna01110]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:pna00770 pna01240 pna01100 pna01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:pna00770 pna01240 pna01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:pna00785 pna01240 pna01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:pna00785 pna01240 pna01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:pna00785 pna01240 pna01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:pna00790 pna00670 pna01240 pna01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:pna00790 pna01240 pna01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:pna00790 pna01240 pna01100]
M00988 PreQ1 biosynthesis, GTP => 7-Aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine [PATH:pna00790 pna01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:pna00670 pna01240 pna01100]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:pna00860 pna01240 pna01100 pna01110]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:pna00860 pna01240 pna01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:pna00130 pna01240 pna01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:pna00900 pna01100 pna01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:pna00362 pna00622 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]
M00568 Catechol ortho-cleavage, catechol => 3-oxoadipate [PATH:pna00362 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]
M00543 Biphenyl degradation, biphenyl => 2-oxopent-4-enoate + benzoate [PATH:pna00621 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]
M00540 Benzoate degradation, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid =>pimeloyl-CoA [PATH:pna00362 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]
M00534 Naphthalene degradation, naphthalene => salicylate [PATH:pna00626 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]
M00638 Salicylate degradation, salicylate => gentisate [PATH:pna00626 pna01100 pna01120]
M00623 Phthalate degradation, phthalate => protocatechuate [PATH:pna00624 pna01220 pna01100 pna01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00698 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump BpeEF-OprC

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation