KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:puc00010 puc01200 puc01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:puc00010 puc01200 puc01230 puc01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:puc00010 puc00020 puc01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:puc00010 puc00020 puc00620 puc00785 puc01200 puc01210 puc01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:puc00020 puc01200 puc01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:puc00020 puc01200 puc01210 puc01230 puc01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:puc00020 puc01200 puc01210 puc01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:puc00030 puc01200 puc01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:puc00030 puc01200 puc01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:puc00030 puc01200 puc01230 puc01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:puc00030 puc00230 puc01200 puc01230 puc01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:puc00040 puc01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:puc00052 puc01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:puc00040 puc00053 puc01240 puc01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:puc00500 puc01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:puc00500 puc01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:puc00280 puc00630 puc00640 puc01200 puc01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:puc00562 puc01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:puc00562 puc01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:puc00562 puc01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00146 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00147 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:puc00190 puc01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:puc00061 puc01212 puc01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:puc00061 puc01212 puc01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:puc00061 puc01212 puc01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:puc00062 puc01212 puc01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:puc00062 puc01040 puc01212 puc01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:puc00061 puc00071 puc01212 puc01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:puc00071 puc01212 puc01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:puc01040 puc01212 puc01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00101 Cholesterol biosynthesis, FPP => cholesterol [PATH:puc00100 puc01100]
M00103 Cholecalciferol biosynthesis [PATH:puc00100 puc01100]
M00106 Conjugated bile acid biosynthesis, cholate => taurocholate/glycocholate [PATH:puc00120 puc01100]
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:puc00120 puc01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:puc00140 puc01100]
M00109 C21-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, progesterone => cortisol/cortisone [PATH:puc00140 puc01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:puc00140 puc01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:puc00140 puc01100]
M00977 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis (androgen backdoor pathway), pregnenolone => androsterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:puc00140 puc01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:puc00561 puc01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:puc00561 puc01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:puc00564 puc01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:puc00564 puc01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:puc00564 puc01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:puc00600 puc01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:puc00600 puc01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:puc00600 puc00565 puc01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:puc00600 puc01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:puc00600 puc01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:puc00230 puc01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:puc00230 puc01232 puc01240 puc01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:puc00230 puc01232 puc01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:puc00230 puc00240 puc01232 puc01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:puc00230 puc01232 puc01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:puc00230 puc01232 puc01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:puc00240 puc01240 puc01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:puc00240 puc01232 puc01240 puc01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:puc00240 puc01232 puc01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:puc00240 puc00410 puc00770 puc01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:puc00260 puc01200 puc01230 puc01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:puc00260 puc00630 puc00670 puc00785 puc01200 puc01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:puc00260 puc00670 puc01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:puc00260 puc00670 puc01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:puc00260 puc00270 puc00670 puc01230 puc01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:puc00270 puc01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:puc00270 puc00670 puc01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:puc00280 puc01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:puc00310 puc01210 puc01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:puc00220 puc01230 puc01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:puc00220 puc01230 puc01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:puc00330 puc01230 puc01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:puc00330 puc01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:puc00330 puc01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:puc00330 puc00260 puc01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:puc00330 puc01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:puc00330 puc01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:puc00340 puc01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:puc00350 puc01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:puc00350 puc01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:puc00350 puc01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:puc00380 puc01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:puc00380 puc01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:puc00250 puc00650 puc01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:puc00480 puc01240 puc01100]

Glycan metabolism
Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:puc00520 puc01250 puc01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:puc00520 puc00052 puc01250 puc01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:puc00520 puc01250 puc01100]

Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:puc00510 puc01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:puc00510 puc01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:puc00510 puc01100]
M00056 O-glycan biosynthesis, mucin type core [PATH:puc00512 puc01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:puc00515 puc01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:puc00563 puc01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:puc00601 puc01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:puc00601 puc01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:puc00603 puc01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:puc00604 puc01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:puc00532 puc00534 puc01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:puc00532 puc01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:puc00534 puc01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:puc00531 puc01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:puc00531 puc01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:puc00531 puc01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:puc00531 puc01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:puc00380 puc00760 puc01240 puc01100]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:puc00770 puc01240 puc01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:puc00785 puc01240 puc01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:puc00785 puc01240 puc01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:puc00790 puc01240 puc01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:puc00790 puc01240 puc01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:puc00670 puc01240 puc01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:puc00860 puc01240 puc01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinone [PATH:puc00130 puc01240 puc01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:puc00900 puc01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:puc00900 puc01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity