KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:qsu00010 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:qsu00010 qsu01200 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:qsu00010 qsu00020 qsu01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:qsu00010 qsu00020 qsu00620 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:qsu00020 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:qsu00020 qsu01200 qsu01210 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:qsu00020 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:qsu00030 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:qsu00030 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:qsu00030 qsu01200 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:qsu00030 qsu00230 qsu01200 qsu01230 qsu01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00081 Pectin degradation [PATH:qsu00040 qsu01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:qsu00052 qsu01100]
M00114 Ascorbate biosynthesis, plants, fructose-6P => ascorbate [PATH:qsu00051 qsu00053 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:qsu00500 qsu01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:qsu00500 qsu01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:qsu00520 qsu01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:qsu00520 qsu00052 qsu01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:qsu00520 qsu01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:qsu00630 qsu01200 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:qsu00410 qsu00640 qsu01200 qsu01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00167 Reductive pentose phosphate cycle, glyceraldehyde-3P => ribulose-5P [PATH:qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:qsu00620 qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00169 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), light [PATH:qsu00620 qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type [PATH:qsu00620 qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00171 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NAD - malic enzyme type [PATH:qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]
M00170 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type [PATH:qsu00710 qsu01200 qsu01100]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:qsu00910 qsu01100]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:qsu00920 qsu01100]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:qsu00190]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:qsu00190]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:qsu00061 qsu01212 qsu01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:qsu00061 qsu01212 qsu01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:qsu00062 qsu01040 qsu01212 qsu01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:qsu00061 qsu00071 qsu01212 qsu01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:qsu00071 qsu01212 qsu01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00917 Phytosterol biosynthesis, squalene 2,3-epoxide => campesterol/sitosterol [PATH:qsu00100 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:qsu00561 qsu01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:qsu00561 qsu01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:qsu00564 qsu01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:qsu00564 qsu01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:qsu00564 qsu01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:qsu00600 qsu01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:qsu00600 qsu01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:qsu00600 qsu01100]
M00113 Jasmonic acid biosynthesis [PATH:qsu00592 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:qsu00230 qsu01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:qsu00230 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:qsu00230 qsu01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:qsu00230 qsu01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:qsu00240 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:qsu00240 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:qsu00240 qsu01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:qsu00260 qsu01200 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:qsu00260 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:qsu00260 qsu01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:qsu00270 qsu00920 qsu01200 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:qsu00260 qsu00270 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, apartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:qsu00270 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:qsu00270 qsu01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:qsu00270 qsu01100]
M00368 Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:qsu00270 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:qsu00290 qsu00770 qsu01210 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:qsu00290 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:qsu00290 qsu01210 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:qsu00280 qsu01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:qsu00300 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00030 Lysine biosynthesis, AAA pathway, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:qsu00300 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00433 Lysine biosynthesis, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate [PATH:qsu00300 qsu01210 qsu01230 qsu01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:qsu00220 qsu01210 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:qsu00220 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:qsu00330 qsu01230 qsu01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:qsu00330 qsu01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:qsu00330 qsu01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:qsu00340 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00910 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => phenylalanine [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100]
M00040 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => arogenate => tyrosine [PATH:qsu00400 qsu01230 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:qsu00350 qsu01100]
M00936 Melatonin biosynthesis, plants, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:qsu00380 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:qsu00250 qsu00650 qsu01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:qsu00480 qsu01240 qsu01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:qsu00510 qsu01100]
M00072 N-glycosylation by oligosaccharyltransferase [PATH:qsu00510 qsu00513 qsu01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:qsu00510 qsu01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00897 Thiamine biosynthesis, plants, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:qsu00730 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00898 Thiamine biosynthesis, pyridoxal-5P => TMP/thiamine/TPP [PATH:qsu00730 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:qsu00730 qsu01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:qsu00740 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:qsu00750 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:qsu00760 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00912 NAD biosynthesis, tryptophan => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:qsu00380 qsu00760 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:qsu00780 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:qsu00785 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:qsu00785 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:qsu00790 qsu00670 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:qsu00790 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:qsu00670 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:qsu00860 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:qsu00860 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:qsu00860 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:qsu00130 qsu01240 qsu01100]
M00932 Phylloquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ phytyl-PP) => phylloquinol [PATH:qsu00130 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00112 Tocopherol/tocotorienol biosynthesis, homogentisate + phytyl/geranylgeranyl-PP => tocopherol/tocotorienol [PATH:qsu00130 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00933 Plastoquinone biosynthesis, homogentisate + solanesyl-PP => plastoquinol [PATH:qsu00130 qsu01240 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:qsu00900 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:qsu00900 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00366 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:qsu00900 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
M00097 beta-Carotene biosynthesis, GGAP => beta-carotene [PATH:qsu00906 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00372 Abscisic acid biosynthesis, beta-carotene => abscisic acid [PATH:qsu00906 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00371 Castasterone biosynthesis, campesterol => castasterone [PATH:qsu00905 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00927 Gibberellin A12 biosynthesis, GAPP => GA12 [PATH:qsu00904 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00928 Gibberellin A4/A1 biosynthesis, GA12 => GA4 / GA53 => GA1 [PATH:qsu00904 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
M00039 Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol [PATH:qsu00940 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00137 Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin [PATH:qsu00940 qsu00941 qsu01100 qsu01110]
M00138 Flavonoid biosynthesis, naringenin => pelargonidin [PATH:qsu00941 qsu01100 qsu01110]

Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00615 Nitrate assimilation