KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:rtd00010 rtd01200 rtd01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:rtd00010 rtd01200 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:rtd00010 rtd00020 rtd01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:rtd00010 rtd00020 rtd00620 rtd00785 rtd01200 rtd01210 rtd01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:rtd00020 rtd01200 rtd01210 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:rtd00030 rtd01200 rtd01100]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:rtd00030 rtd01200 rtd01100]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:rtd00030 rtd01200 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:rtd00030 rtd00230 rtd01200 rtd01230 rtd01100]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:rtd00040 rtd01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:rtd00052 rtd01100]
M00129 Ascorbate biosynthesis, animals, glucose-1P => ascorbate [PATH:rtd00040 rtd00053 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:rtd00500 rtd01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:rtd00500 rtd01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:rtd00520 rtd01250 rtd01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:rtd00520 rtd00052 rtd01250 rtd01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:rtd00520 rtd01250 rtd01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:rtd00280 rtd00630 rtd00640 rtd01200 rtd01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:rtd00562 rtd01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:rtd00562 rtd01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:rtd00562 rtd01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:rtd00190 rtd01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:rtd00190 rtd01100]
M00152 Cytochrome bc1 complex [PATH:rtd00190 rtd01100]
M00154 Cytochrome c oxidase [PATH:rtd00190 rtd01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:rtd00190 rtd01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:rtd00061 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:rtd00061 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00873 Fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria, animals [PATH:rtd00061 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:rtd00062 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:rtd00062 rtd01040 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:rtd00061 rtd00071 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:rtd00071 rtd01212 rtd01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:rtd01040 rtd01212 rtd01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
M00862 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, tri/dihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA => choloyl/chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA [PATH:rtd00120 rtd01100]
M00107 Steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol => pregnenolone => progesterone [PATH:rtd00140 rtd01100]
M00110 C19/C18-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => androstenedione => estrone [PATH:rtd00140 rtd01100]
M00976 C19-Steroid hormone biosynthesis, pregnenolone => testosterone => dihydrotestosterone [PATH:rtd00140 rtd01100]

Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:rtd00561 rtd01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:rtd00561 rtd01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:rtd00564 rtd01100]
M00091 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, PE => PC [PATH:rtd00564 rtd01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:rtd00564 rtd01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:rtd00600 rtd01100]
M00066 Lactosylceramide biosynthesis [PATH:rtd00600 rtd01100]
M00067 Sulfoglycolipids biosynthesis, ceramide/1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol => sulfatide/seminolipid [PATH:rtd00600 rtd00565 rtd01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:rtd00600 rtd01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:rtd00600 rtd01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:rtd00230 rtd01232 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:rtd00230 rtd01232 rtd01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:rtd00230 rtd00240 rtd01232 rtd01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:rtd00230 rtd01232 rtd01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:rtd00230 rtd01232 rtd01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:rtd00240 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:rtd00240 rtd01232 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:rtd00240 rtd01232 rtd01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:rtd00240 rtd00410 rtd00770 rtd01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:rtd00260 rtd01200 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:rtd00260 rtd00630 rtd00785 rtd01200 rtd01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:rtd00260 rtd01100]
M00974 Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:rtd00260 rtd01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:rtd00260 rtd00270 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:rtd00270 rtd01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:rtd00280 rtd01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00032 Lysine degradation, lysine => saccharopine => acetoacetyl-CoA [PATH:rtd00310 rtd01210 rtd01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:rtd00220 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00029 Urea cycle [PATH:rtd00220 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:rtd00330 rtd01230 rtd01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:rtd00330 rtd01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:rtd00330 rtd01100]
M00047 Creatine pathway [PATH:rtd00330 rtd00260 rtd01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:rtd00330 rtd01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:rtd00330 rtd01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:rtd00340 rtd01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00042 Catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine => dopamine => noradrenaline => adrenaline [PATH:rtd00350 rtd01100]
M00043 Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, tyrosine => triiodothyronine/thyroxine [PATH:rtd00350 rtd01100]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:rtd00350 rtd01100]
M00037 Melatonin biosynthesis, animals, tryptophan => serotonin => melatonin [PATH:rtd00380 rtd01100]
M00038 Tryptophan metabolism, tryptophan => kynurenine => 2-aminomuconate [PATH:rtd00380 rtd01100]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:rtd00250 rtd00650 rtd01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:rtd00480 rtd01240 rtd01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00055 N-glycan precursor biosynthesis [PATH:rtd00510 rtd01100]
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:rtd00510 rtd01100]
M00075 N-glycan biosynthesis, complex type [PATH:rtd00510 rtd01100]
M00872 O-glycan biosynthesis, mannose type (core M3) [PATH:rtd00515 rtd01100]
M00065 GPI-anchor biosynthesis, core oligosaccharide [PATH:rtd00563 rtd01100]
M00070 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, lacto-series, LacCer => Lc4Cer [PATH:rtd00601 rtd01100]
M00071 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, neolacto-series, LacCer => nLc4Cer [PATH:rtd00601 rtd01100]
M00068 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, globo-series, LacCer => Gb4Cer [PATH:rtd00603 rtd01100]
M00069 Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, ganglio series, LacCer => GT3 [PATH:rtd00604 rtd01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:rtd00532 rtd00534 rtd01100]
M00058 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, chondroitin sulfate backbone [PATH:rtd00532 rtd01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:rtd00534 rtd01100]
M00076 Dermatan sulfate degradation [PATH:rtd00531 rtd01100]
M00077 Chondroitin sulfate degradation [PATH:rtd00531 rtd01100]
M00078 Heparan sulfate degradation [PATH:rtd00531 rtd01100]
M00079 Keratan sulfate degradation [PATH:rtd00531 rtd01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:rtd00770 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:rtd00785 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:rtd00785 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:rtd00790 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:rtd00790 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:rtd00670 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00868 Heme biosynthesis, animals and fungi, glycine => heme [PATH:rtd00860 rtd01240 rtd01100]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:rtd00130 rtd01240 rtd01100]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:rtd00900 rtd01100]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:rtd00900 rtd01100]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity