KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:spq00010 spq01200 spq01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:spq00010 spq01200 spq01230 spq01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:spq00010 spq00020 spq01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:spq00010 spq00020 spq00620 spq00785 spq01200 spq01210 spq01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:spq00020 spq01200 spq01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:spq00020 spq01200 spq01210 spq01230 spq01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:spq00020 spq01200 spq01210 spq01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:spq00030 spq01200 spq01100 spq01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:spq00030 spq01200 spq01100 spq01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:spq00030 spq01200 spq01230 spq01100 spq01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:spq00030 spq00230 spq01200 spq01230 spq01100]
M00008 Entner-Doudoroff pathway, glucose-6P => glyceraldehyde-3P + pyruvate [PATH:spq00030 spq01200 spq01100 spq01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00061 D-Glucuronate degradation, D-glucuronate => pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3P [PATH:spq00040 spq00030 spq01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:spq00052 spq01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:spq00052 spq01100]
M00550 Ascorbate degradation, ascorbate => D-xylulose-5P [PATH:spq00053 spq01100 spq01120]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:spq00500 spq01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:spq00500 spq01100]
M00565 Trehalose biosynthesis, D-glucose 1P => trehalose [PATH:spq00500 spq01100 spq01110]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:spq00520 spq01250 spq01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:spq00520 spq00052 spq01250 spq01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:spq00520 spq01250 spq01100]
M00761 Undecaprenylphosphate alpha-L-Ara4N biosynthesis, UDP-GlcA => undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N [PATH:spq00520 spq01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:spq00630 spq01200 spq01100 spq01110]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:spq00620 spq00710 spq01200 spq01100 spq01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:spq00430 spq00620 spq00720 spq01200 spq01100 spq01120]

Methane metabolism
Nitrogen metabolism
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:spq00910 spq01100 spq01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:spq00920 spq01100 spq01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:spq00190 spq01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:spq00190 spq01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:spq00190 spq01100]
M00153 Cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:spq00190]
M00417 Cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase [PATH:spq00190 spq01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:spq00190 spq01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:spq00061 spq01212 spq01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:spq00061 spq01212 spq01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:spq00061 spq00071 spq01212 spq01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:spq00071 spq01212 spq01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:spq00564 spq01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:spq00230 spq01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:spq00230 spq01232 spq01240 spq01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:spq00230 spq01232 spq01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:spq00230 spq00240 spq01232 spq01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:spq00240 spq01240 spq01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:spq00240 spq01232 spq01240 spq01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:spq00240 spq01232 spq01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:spq00260 spq00680 spq01200 spq01230 spq01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:spq00260 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:spq00260 spq00630 spq00785 spq01200 spq01100]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:spq00270 spq00920 spq01200 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:spq00270 spq01230 spq01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:spq00290 spq00770 spq01210 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:spq00290 spq01230 spq01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:spq00290 spq01210 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:spq00300 spq01230 spq01100]
M00956 Lysine degradation, bacteria, L-lysine => succinate [PATH:spq00310 spq01100 spq01120]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:spq00220 spq01210 spq01230 spq01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:spq00220 spq01230 spq01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:spq00330 spq01230 spq01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:spq00330 spq01100]
M00879 Arginine succinyltransferase pathway, arginine => glutamate [PATH:spq00330 spq01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:spq00330 spq01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:spq00340 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:spq00340 spq01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:spq00400 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:spq00400 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00024 Phenylalanine biosynthesis, chorismate => phenylpyruvate => phenylalanine [PATH:spq00400 spq01230 spq01100 spq01110]
M00025 Tyrosine biosynthesis, chorismate => HPP => tyrosine [PATH:spq00400 spq01230 spq01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:spq00350 spq01220 spq01100 spq01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:spq00480 spq01240 spq01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:spq00540 spq01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:spq00540 spq01250 spq01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:spq00540 spq01250 spq01100]

Other polysaccharide metabolism
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00127 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/tyrosine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:spq00730 spq01240 spq01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:spq00730 spq01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:spq00740 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:spq00750 spq01240 spq01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:spq00760 spq01240 spq01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:spq00770 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:spq00770 spq01240 spq01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:spq00780 spq01240 spq01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:spq00780 spq01240 spq01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:spq00785 spq01240 spq01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:spq00790 spq00670 spq01240 spq01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:spq00790 spq01240 spq01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:spq00860 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:spq00860 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:spq00860 spq01240 spq01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:spq00860 spq01240 spq01100]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:spq00130 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:spq00130 spq01240 spq01100 spq01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:spq00900 spq01100 spq01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:spq00900 spq01100 spq01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:spq00521 spq00523 spq00541 spq01250 spq01100 spq01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00744 Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance, protease PgtE
M00696 Multidrug resistance, efflux pump AcrEF-TolC
M00746 Multidrug resistance, repression of porin OmpF

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation